Addition of HPMA affects seed germination, plant growth and properties of heavy saline-alkali soil in northeastern China: comparison with other agents and determination of the mechanism
Addition of HPMA affects seed germination, plant growth and properties of heavy saline-alkali soil in northeastern China: comparison with other agents and determination of the mechanism
复制标题
添加HPMA对东北重盐碱土种子萌发、植物生长及性状的影响：与其他药剂的比较及机理探讨
DOI：
10.1007/s11104-010-0565-1
复制
发表时间：
2011-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Yu, Xing-Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Wen-Jie;He, Hai-Sheng;Yu, Xing-Yang
中国拥有大面积的内陆盐碱地，相当于全国耕地总量的四成。这些土地的主要特征是盐分含量高，pH值高，土壤结构差，水分入渗量低，排水差。这些条件有效地阻止了对这些土地的农业开发。在这项研究中，我们比较了17种土壤调理剂在实验室和田间条件下促进种子萌发和生长的能力。其中一种是水解聚马来酸酐(HPMA)，被认为是一种高效的土壤改良剂。室内发芽试验和室内和大田栽培试验均表明，添加HPMA能显著提高发芽率和植株生长速率。与石膏等其他钙载体不同的是，HPMA增加了碳酸钙的溶解，碳酸钙在石灰性盐碱土壤中含量丰富。这使得土壤溶液中的钙离子可以取代土壤胶体中过多的钠离子。这一工艺大大改善了土壤的容重、毛管上升高度和土壤水分入渗率等性质，使土壤容重降低，土壤水分入渗率增加。直接扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜图像显示添加HPMA后的土壤沉淀(土壤团聚体)呈絮状，且团聚体结构疏松。HPMA的加入也降低了土壤的pH值和电导率。这些土壤化学和物理性质的变化可能解释了HPMA对土壤的改良作用。盐碱地中不溶性碳酸钙含量较高，如中国东北部(高达13%)，有利于HPMA作为改良剂的进一步开发。
China has a large area of inland saline-alkali land, equivalent to 40% of the total cultivated land in the country. The principal features of these lands are high salt content, high pH, and poor soil structure with low water infiltration and poor drainage. These conditions effectively prevent the exploitation of such land for agriculture. In this study, we have compared 17 soil conditioning agents for their abilities to promote seed germination and growth under both laboratory and field conditions. One of these, Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride (HPMA), was identified as a highly effective agent for soil improvement. Laboratory germination experiments and laboratory and field cultivation of a variety of plants both showed that addition of HPMA could significantly increase the germination percentage and plant growth rate. Distinct from other Ca-carrier agents such as gypsum, HPMA increases the dissolution of CaCO3, which is abundant in the calcareous saline-alkali soils. This allows Ca2+in soil solution to displace the over-abundant Na+in the soil colloids. This process greatly improves soil properties such as the bulk density, which decreased, and the capillary soil rise height of water and soil water infiltration rate, which increased. Direct SEM and AFM imagery showed flocculent soil precipitation (soil aggregates) after HPMA addition, and a looser structure of those aggregates. The addition of HPMA also reduced the soil pH and EC. These changes in soil chemical and physical properties are a likely explanation for the soil improvement effected by HPMA. The high content of insoluble CaCO3in saline-alkali land such as that in northeastern China (up to 13%) favors the further exploration of HPMA as an ameliorative agent.