Going beyond personal protection against mosquito bites to eliminate malaria transmission: population suppression of malaria vectors that exploit both human and animal blood.
Going beyond personal protection against mosquito bites to eliminate malaria transmission: population suppression of malaria vectors that exploit both human and animal blood.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000198
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Tusting LS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Killeen GF;Kiware SS;Okumu FO;Sinka ME;Moyes CL;Massey NC;Gething PW;Marshall JM;Chaccour CJ;Tusting LS
用长效驱虫蚊帐或室内滞留喷洒保护个人和家庭免受蚊虫叮咬，可以抑制主要在室内以人类为食的效率极高的疟疾病媒物种的整个种群。通常以动物为食的蚊子对人类血液的依赖性较低，因此它们对这种针对人类的杀虫措施的种群抑制效果的脆弱性要小得多。幸运的是，主要以动物为食的几十种蚊子也是相对低效的疟疾传播媒介，因此防止蚊子叮咬的个人保护可能足以消除传播。然而，少数蚊子物种是特别有问题的残余疟疾传播媒介，因为它们很容易以人类和动物为食。这些不寻常的病媒经常以人类为食，成为强大的疟疾病媒，但也经常以动物为食，以逃避使用长效驱虫蚊帐、IRS或任何其他仅针对人类的杀虫个人保护措施进行的人口控制。阿拉伯按蚊（Anopheles arabiensis）和A. coluzzii，非洲的A. darlingi和A. farauti和A. culicifaciaceae species E，A. fluviatilis species S，A. lesteri和A.在亚洲，所有的微小疟疾都很容易以人类或动物为食，并在大多数热带地区共同介导残余疟疾传播。要消除表现出这种双重宿主偏好的病媒传播疟疾，就需要积极减少蚊子数量，而不仅仅是对人类进行个人保护。即使是这些特别麻烦的病媒，也可以通过各种现有的病媒控制技术来控制种群，这些技术仍然不发达或开发不足。
Protecting individuals and households against mosquito bites with long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) or indoor residual spraying (IRS) can suppress entire populations of unusually efficient malaria vector species that predominantly feed indoors on humans. Mosquitoes which usually feed on animals are less reliant on human blood, so they are far less vulnerable to population suppression effects of such human-targeted insecticidal measures. Fortunately, the dozens of mosquito species which primarily feed on animals are also relatively inefficient vectors of malaria, so personal protection against mosquito bites may be sufficient to eliminate transmission. However, a handful of mosquito species are particularly problematic vectors of residual malaria transmission, because they feed readily on both humans and animals. These unusual vectors feed often enough on humans to be potent malaria vectors, but also often enough on animals to evade population control with LLINs, IRS or any other insecticidal personal protection measure targeted only to humans. Anopheles arabiensis and A. coluzzii in Africa, A. darlingi in South America and A. farauti in Oceania, as well as A. culicifacies species E, A. fluviatilis species S, A. lesteri and A. minimus in Asia, all feed readily on either humans or animals and collectively mediate residual malaria transmission across most of the tropics. Eliminating malaria transmission by vectors exhibiting such dual host preferences will require aggressive mosquito population abatement, rather than just personal protection of humans. Population suppression of even these particularly troublesome vectors is achievable with a variety of existing vector control technologies that remain underdeveloped or underexploited.