Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins
Nuclear DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins
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DOI：
10.1038/nature17405
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发表时间：
2016-03-24
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Paeaebo, Svante
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meyer, Matthias;Arsuaga, Juan-Luis;Paeaebo, Svante
最近，在西班牙阿塔普埃卡山脉的西马德洛斯韦索斯发现了一个由28个原始人组成的独特的群体，它的年代大约是43万年前(1)。一个有趣的问题是，这些中更新世的古人类与生活在更新世晚期的人有什么关系，特别是与欧亚大陆西部的尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人的关系，丹尼索瓦人是尼安德特人的姐妹群体，迄今仅在西伯利亚南部发现。虽然Sima de los Huesos人与尼安德特人有一些共同的形态特征，但从Sima de los Huesos中提取的一个个体的线粒体基因组与丹尼索瓦人的线粒体DNA比与尼安德特人的线粒体DNA关系更密切(2)。然而，由于线粒体DNA不能揭示种群间关系的全貌，我们研究了在Sima de los Huesos发现的几个个体的DNA保存情况。在这里，我们从两个样本中恢复了核DNA序列，这表明Sima de los Huesos人与尼安德特人而不是丹尼索瓦人有亲缘关系，这表明尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人之间的种群分化早于43万年前。从其中一个标本中发现的线粒体DNA与丹尼索瓦人的线粒体DNA具有先前描述的关系，这表明，除了其他可能性外，尼安德特人的线粒体DNA基因库在他们历史的后期发生了变化。
A unique assemblage of 28 hominin individuals, found in Sima de los Huesos in the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain, has recently been dated to approximately 430,000 years ago(1). An interesting question is how these Middle Pleistocene hominins were related to those who lived in the Late Pleistocene epoch, in particular to Neanderthals in western Eurasia and to Denisovans, a sister group of Neanderthals so far known only from southern Siberia. While the Sima de los Huesos hominins share some derived morphological features with Neanderthals, the mitochondrial genome retrieved from one individual from Sima de los Huesos is more closely related to the mitochondrial DNA of Denisovans than to that of Neanderthals(2). However, since the mitochondrial DNA does not reveal the full picture of relationships among populations, we have investigated DNA preservation in several individuals found at Sima de los Huesos. Here we recover nuclear DNA sequences from two specimens, which show that the Sima de los Huesos hominins were related to Neanderthals rather than to Denisovans, indicating that the population divergence between Neanderthals and Denisovans predates 430,000 years ago. A mitochondrial DNA recovered from one of the specimens shares the previously described relationship to Denisovan mitochondrial DNAs, suggesting, among other possibilities, that the mitochondrial DNA gene pool of Neanderthals turned over later in their history.