Rapid reactions to direct and averted facial expressions of fear and anger
Rapid reactions to direct and averted facial expressions of fear and anger
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DOI：
10.1080/13506285.2010.481874
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Benton, Christopher P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benton, Christopher P.
最近的研究表明，对回避凝视表达愤怒和直接凝视表达恐惧的反应时间似乎比直接表达愤怒和回避恐惧的反应时间要慢。这些发现可以通过凝视/表情与厌恶（回避）一致的概念来解释，而厌恶（回避）与恐惧相关，而直接（接近）则与愤怒相关。目前的研究考察了人们对短暂呈现的直接和回避的面孔的反应，这些面孔表现出恐惧和愤怒的表情。向参与者展示了四张连续的面孔；每个块包含两种面部表情（中性加上恐惧或愤怒）的相同组合，呈现在一个视点（全脸或四分之三朝左）。参与者被要求做出快速反应，将表情分类为中性或表达性。对反应时间分布的初步分析显示，分布形状存在差异，对回避愤怒和直接恐惧的反应比对直接愤怒和回避恐惧的反应表现出更大的偏差。使用决策和反应时间的扩散模型的计算模型显示，当观点和表达一致时，信息累积率会更高，信息累积率会更快。该分析支持信号一致性的概念，即凝视和观点通过该机制影响我们对面部表情的反应。
Recent studies have shown that reaction times to expressions of anger with averted gaze and fear with direct gaze appear slower than those to direct anger and averted fear. Such findings have been explained by appealing to the notion of gaze/expression congruence with aversion (avoidance) associated with fear, whereas directness (approach) is associated with anger. The current study examined reactions to briefly presented direct and averted faces displaying expressions of fear and anger. Participants were shown four blocked series of faces; each block contained an equal mix of two facial expressions (neutral plus either fear or anger) presented at one viewpoint (either full face or three quarter leftward facing). Participants were instructed to make rapid responses classifying the expressions as either neutral or expressive. Initial analysis of reaction time distributions showed differences in distribution shape with reactions to averted anger and direct fear showing greater skew than those to direct anger and averted fear. Computational modelling, using a diffusion model of decision making and reaction time, showed a difference in the rate of information accrual with more rapid rates of accrual when viewpoint and expression were congruent. This analysis supports the notion of signal congruence as a mechanism through which gaze and viewpoint affect our responses to facial expressions.