Functional polarity in neurons: what can we learn from studying an exception?

Functional polarity in neurons: what can we learn from studying an exception?
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DOI:
10.1016/j.conb.2010.07.005
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发表时间:
2010-10
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Castro JB
Castro JB
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Urban NN;Castro JB

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树突和轴突通常处理神经元信号传导的不同方面。然而,这两种过程之间的许多功能区别在具有释放能力的树突的神经元中不存在。这提出了关于促进和允许功能专门化的分子机制的基本问题,并表明突触前树突的“特殊”情况可能为神经元极性如何建立提供重要线索。为了帮助激发对这一新前沿的思考,我们总结了树突状神经递质释放生理学的一些关键方面,以及最近关于神经元极性分子基础的工作。
Dendrites and axons typically handle very different aspects of neuronal signaling. However, many of the functional distinctions between these two types of processes are absent in neurons with release-competent dendrites. This raises fundamental questions about the molecular mechanisms that promote and permit functional specialization, and suggests that the ‘exceptional’ case of presynaptic dendrites may provide important clues on how neuronal polarity is established. To help stimulate thinking on this new front, we summarize some key aspects of the physiology of dendritic neurotransmitter release, together with recent work on the molecular basis of neuronal polarity.
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