High-protein, reduced-carbohydrate weight-loss diets promote metabolite profiles likely to be detrimental to colonic health
High-protein, reduced-carbohydrate weight-loss diets promote metabolite profiles likely to be detrimental to colonic health
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.110.002188
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Flint, Harry J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Russell, Wendy R.;Gratz, Silvia W.;Flint, Harry J.
背景：蛋白质含量高但碳水化合物含量减少的饮食为肥胖人群减肥提供了一种常见方法。然而，此类饮食对影响结肠健康的微生物群衍生代谢物的影响尚未确定。目的：我们设计本研究是为了评估减少碳水化合物和增加蛋白质含量的饮食对被认为影响长期结肠健康的代谢物的影响，特别是结直肠疾病的风险。设计：我们为 17 名肥胖男性提供了规定的体重维持饮食（85 克蛋白质、116 克脂肪和 360 克碳水化合物/天），持续 7 个月。 d，然后采用交叉设计，分别采用高蛋白和中等碳水化合物（HPMC；139 g 蛋白质、82 g 脂肪和 181 g 碳水化合物/天）饮食和高蛋白和低碳水化合物（HPLC；137 g 蛋白质、143 g 脂肪和 22 g 碳水化合物/天）饮食各 4 周。对粪便样本进行分析，以确定酚类代谢物、短链脂肪酸以及膳食和微生物来源的含氮化合物的浓度。结果：与维持膳食相比，HPMC 和 HPLC 膳食导致支链脂肪酸的比例以及苯乙酸和 N-亚硝基化合物的浓度增加。 HPLC 饮食还降低了粪便短链脂肪酸浓度中丁酸盐的比例，这伴随着罗斯布里亚菌/直肠真杆菌群的减少，并大大降低了纤维衍生的抗氧化酚酸（如阿魏酸及其衍生物）的浓度。结论：4 周后，蛋白质含量高但碳水化合物和纤维总量减少的减肥饮食导致粪便抗癌代谢物显着减少，有害物质浓度增加代谢物。长期坚持此类饮食可能会增加患结肠疾病的风险。美国临床营养杂志 2011；93：1062-72。
Background: Diets that are high in protein but reduced in carbohydrate contents provide a common approach for achieving weight loss in obese humans. However, the effect of such diets on microbiota-derived metabolites that influence colonic health has not been established.Objective: We designed this study to assess the effect of diets with reduced carbohydrate and increased protein contents on metabolites considered to influence long-term colonic health, in particular the risk of colorectal disease.Design: We provided 17 obese men with a defined weight-maintenance diet (85 g protein, 116 g fat, and 360 g carbohydrate/d) for 7 d followed by 4 wk each of a high-protein and moderate-carbohydrate (HPMC; 139 g protein, 82 g fat, and 181 g carbohydrate/d) diet and a high-protein and low-carbohydrate (HPLC; 137 g protein, 143 g fat, and 22 g carbohydrate/d) diet in a crossover design. Fecal samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of phenolic metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and nitrogenous compounds of dietary and microbial origin.Results: Compared with the maintenance diet, the HPMC and HPLC diets resulted in increased proportions of branched-chain fatty acids and concentrations of phenylacetic acid and N-nitroso compounds. The HPLC diet also decreased the proportion of butyrate in fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, which was concomitant with a reduction in the Roseburia/Eubacterium rectale group of bacteria, and greatly reduced concentrations of fiber-derived, antioxidant phenolic acids such as ferulate and its derivatives.Conclusions: After 4 wk, weight-loss diets that were high in protein but reduced in total carbohydrates and fiber resulted in a significant decrease in fecal cancer-protective metabolites and increased concentrations of hazardous metabolites. Long-term adherence to such diets may increase risk of colonic disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:1062-72.