Kant and Global Poverty: Guest Editors' Introduction to Special Issue
Kant and Global Poverty: Guest Editors' Introduction to Special Issue
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康德与全球贫困：客座编辑特刊简介
DOI：
10.1007/s10677-023-10392-2
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Mieth C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mieth C
富人对本国或国外的穷人有什么义务？对于那些遭受饥饿、流行病和战争等威胁生命的紧急情况的人，富裕的人有什么义务？对于生活相对舒适的人来说，这些问题是熟悉的，如果不舒服。两个熟悉的答案植根于我们尽可能帮助他人的职责。更令人欣慰的答案是，将这些义务视为慈善的个人要求。它们是美德的可选择的方面，软弱的或多余的。一种更令人不安的观点认为，它们是援助或救援的严格义务。[1]康德对贫困的分析认为，富裕的人有义务帮助他人。但他们也强调了这种关注的局限性。对富人的道德关怀往往把穷人视为需要帮助的接受者。更适当的办法必须承认生活贫困者是行为者和权利持有者。它必须提出更广泛的问题，即将人们排除在物质资源之外的压迫和统治。正如Narayan（2000年）所说，贫穷也是“无能为力和无助”。康德自己将善行的义务定义为“不完美的”。这并不是因为他们软弱或不重要。相反，它们并不直接指导行动，至少在大多数情况下是这样。这些职责的内容在很大程度上取决于某人的具体情况和需要
What duties do wealthy people have towards those living in poverty, in their own country or abroad? What duties do better-off people have towards those afflicted by life-threatening emergencies, such as starvation, epidemics and war? For anyone living in relative comfort, these questions are familiar, if uncomfortable. Two familiar answers are rooted in our duties to help others where we can. The more comforting answer sees these duties as individual requirements of charity. They are optional aspects of virtue, weak or supererogatory. A more uncomfortable view sees them as stringent duties to aid or rescue. 1Kantian analyses of poverty agree that better-off people have duties to help others. But they also stress how limiting this focus can be. The moral concern of the better-off tends to figure poor people as needy recipients. A more adequate approach must recognise those living in poverty as agents and rights-holders. It must raise broader questions about the oppression and domination that exclude people from material resources. As Narayan (2000) puts it, poverty is also “powerlessness and voicelessness.” Kant himself frames duties of beneficence as “imperfect.” This is not because they are weak or unimportant. Rather, they do not directly guide action, at least in most contexts. The content of these duties depends greatly on someone’s specific situation and the needs