Biopsychosocial aspects of HIV and aging.

Biopsychosocial aspects of HIV and aging.
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DOI:
10.1080/08964289.2014.937630
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Halkitis PN
Halkitis PN
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heckman TG;Halkitis PN

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行为医学,40: 81–84, 2014 版权所有© Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN:0896-4289 打印/1940-4026 在线 DOI:10.1080/08964289.2014。 937630 HIV 感染者中有 27% 的人不遵守 ART,15 这一结论可能得到以下事实的证实:老年人的病毒抑制率高于年轻人。 16 OPLWH 从 ART 中受益同样多,甚至更多,这表明及时 ART 治疗可以显着降低死亡率,增强 OPLWH 的免疫恢复,并产生与年轻患者相当的预期寿命17-19 此外,在所有 HIV 感染者中,年龄较大与 HIV 病毒载量较低(可能是由于更坚持 ART 坚持)、服用更多 HIV 和非 HIV 相关药物以及更多合并症相关。事实上,除了感染艾滋病毒外,许多OPLWH还患有三种以上的疾病,最常见的是抑郁症、冠状动脉疾病、高血压、勃起功能障碍、糖尿病、周围神经病变、丙型肝炎和肾脏疾病。 20-25 毫不奇怪,由于 HIV 相关治疗和治疗多种疾病的药物,多重用药在 OPLWH 中更为常见。 26 重要的是,多药治疗对 OPLWH 的长期影响仍然很大程度上未知。此外,更重要的是,年龄和 HIV 相互作用,随着时间的推移,会导致语言记忆能力大幅下降,其中 OPLWH 下降幅度最大。 11, 27 事实上,OPLWH 的认知老化成功率最低,28 和 OPLWH 表现出比老年 HIV 阴性和年轻 HIV 阳性个体更多的认知“离散”(或一系列测试的个体内部变异性),这表明更大的认知失调29——尽管存在一些相互矛盾的研究表明年龄和 HIV 血清状态不会相互作用影响神经心理表现。 30
BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, 40: 81–84, 2014 Copyright© Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0896-4289 print/1940-4026 online DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2014. 937630 non-adherence to ART by 27% in HIV-infected persons, 15 a conclusion possibly corroborated by the fact that older adults indicate higher rates of viral suppression that younger individuals. 16 OPLWH benefit just as much, if not more, from ART, suggesting that prompt ART treatment can significantly reduce mortality rates and enhance immunologic recovery in OPLWH and produce life expectancies that are comparable to those of their younger counterparts17–19 Moreover, among all individuals living with HIV, older age is associated with lower HIV viral loads (perhaps due to more consistent ART adherence), being prescribed more HIV and non-HIV related medications, and more comorbid conditions. In fact, in addition to living with their HIV infection, many OPLWH live with more than three morbidities, with the most common being depression, coronary artery disease, hypertension, erectile dysfunction, diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis C, and renal disease. 20–25 Not surprisingly, polypharmacy is more common in OPLWH due to HIV-related treatments and medications for treating multimorbidities. 26 Importantly, the long-term effects of polypharmacy on OPLWH remain largely unknown.Moreover, and importantly, age and HIV interact to produce larger declines in verbal memory over time, with the largest declines found in OPLWH. 11, 27 In fact, the lowest rates of successful cognitive aging are found in OPLWH, 28 and OPLWH demonstrate more cognitive “dispersion”(or intra-individual variability across a range of tests) than do older HIV-negative and younger HIV-positive individuals, suggesting greater cognitive dyscontrol29–-although some contradictory research exists suggesting that age and HIV-serostatus do not interact to affect neuropsychological performance. 30
DOI: 10.1007/s40266-013-0093-9
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