Ecosystem services and disservices provided by small rodents in arable fields: Effects of local and landscape management
Ecosystem services and disservices provided by small rodents in arable fields: Effects of local and landscape management
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13016
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Batary, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fischer, Christina;Gayer, Christoph;Batary, Peter
1. 在农业中，同一生物群既可以产生有价值的生态系统服务，也可以产生有害的生态系统损害。例如，小型啮齿动物可以通过消耗杂草种子来提供生物控制，但也可能充当害虫，造成作物损害。2．我们研究了小型啮齿动物（田鼠和小鼠）在多个空间尺度上产生的生态系统服务（杂草种子的去除）和损害（小麦籽粒的去除和作物损害）之间的假设因果关系。在景观尺度上，我们研究了东德和西德前德国边境沿线的景观组成和结构异质性对田鼠和小鼠的丰度及其相关的生态系统服务和损害的影响。在当地尺度上，我们研究了管理强度（有机冬小麦与传统冬小麦）、作物特性和边缘效应的相关差异如何影响丰度和生态系统功能。3．线性混合效应模型和路径分析表明，田鼠造成了农业领域的生态系统损害，但没有造成生态系统服务。田鼠每日小麦种子清除量受到小麦高度增加的影响，几乎是杂草种子清除量的三倍，与局部或景观尺度效应无关。4．随着作物密度的降低和小麦高度的提高，田鼠的数量和相关的作物损害也随之减少，这与有机农业有关。德国西部的常规田地中田鼠数量和农作物受损程度最高。5。合成与应用。由于必须主要在作物播种期间考虑小型啮齿动物消耗小麦种子对生态系统的破坏，因此作物收获前的管理应侧重于减少田鼠而非小鼠的害虫潜力。我们的研究结果表明，通过采用低作物密度和高小麦高度的田地（与有机农业相关的做法）可以减少田鼠的密度及其对生态系统的损害。周围景观的组成和结构异质性较低，可以进一步减少田鼠的害虫潜力，但可能对农田生物多样性产生负面影响。
1. In agriculture, both valuable ecosystem services and unwanted ecosystem disservices can be produced by the same organism group. For example, small rodents can provide biological control through weed seed consumption but may also act as pests, causing crop damage.2. We studied the hypothesized causal relationships between ecosystem services (removal of weed seeds) and disservices (removal of wheat grains and crop damage) derived by small rodents (voles and mice) at multiple spatial scales. At the landscape scale, we studied the effects of landscape compositional and configurational heterogeneity on the abundance of voles and mice and their related ecosystem services and disservices along the former inner German border in east and west Germany. At the local scale, we studied how abundance and ecosystem functions are affected by management intensity (organic vs. conventional winter wheat), associated differences in crop characteristics and edge effects.3. Linear mixed-effects models and path analysis show that voles drove ecosystem disservices, but not ecosystem services, in agricultural fields. Daily wheat seed removal by voles was influenced by increasing wheat height and was almost three times higher than weed seed removal, which was not related to local-or landscape-scale effects.4. Abundance of voles and associated crop damage decreased with lower crop density and higher wheat height, which were associated with organic farming. Abundance of voles and crop damage were highest in conventional fields in west Germany.5. Synthesis and applications. As the ecosystem disservice of wheat seed consumption by small rodents must be considered mainly during crop sowing, management before crop harvest should focus on decreasing the pest potential of voles but not mice. Our results suggest that densities of voles and their ecosystem disservices could be reduced by having fields with low crop density and high wheat height, practices associated with organic farming. Surrounding landscapes with low compositional and configurational heterogeneity could further reduce voles' pest potential, but with probable negative effects on farmland biodiversity.