Enhanced prefrontal-amygdala connectivity following childhood adversity as a protective mechanism against internalizing in adolescence.
Enhanced prefrontal-amygdala connectivity following childhood adversity as a protective mechanism against internalizing in adolescence.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.03.003
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发表时间：
2016-07
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许多研究都集中在童年逆境的有害神经生物学效应上，这可能是内化障碍的基础。虽然大多数年轻人在逆境中表现出情绪适应，但相应的神经机制仍然知之甚少。在这项纵向社区研究中，我们研究了132名青少年在情绪加工过程中，童年家庭逆境与青少年内化症状之间的关系，以及它们对大脑区域激活和杏仁核/海马体功能连接的相互作用。与先前的研究一致，童年的逆境预示着青春期杏仁核对消极而非积极图像的反应会增强。然而，杏仁核反应性与内化症状无关。此外，童年逆境预示着前额-杏仁核对消极图像的连接增加，而不是积极图像，但仅在内化程度较低的青少年中。童年的逆境也预示着前额海马体对负面图像的连接会增加，但内化并没有减缓这种联系。这些发现与青春期逆境或外化症状无关，表明童年逆境和青春期内化具有特异性。总之，这些发现表明，对童年逆境的适应与前额皮层下回路的增强有关，特别是对消极情绪刺激的增强。相反，前额-杏仁核连通性增强不足，杏仁核反应性增加，可能代表了青春期后期内化脆弱性的神经特征。这些发现暗示幼儿期是决定大脑适应逆境的关键时期，并表明即使是正常的不良经历也会对神经发育和功能产生重大影响。这些结果提供了适应和脆弱性的潜在神经机制，可用于预测童年逆境后的精神病理风险。
Much research has focused on the deleterious neurobiological effects of childhood adversity that may underlie internalizing disorders. While most youth show emotional adaptation following adversity, the corresponding neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this longitudinal community study, we examined the associations among childhood family adversity, adolescent internalizing symptoms, and their interaction on regional brain activation and amygdala/hippocampus functional connectivity during emotion processing in 132 adolescents. Consistent with prior work, childhood adversity predicted heightened amygdala reactivity to negative, but not positive, images in adolescence. However, amygdala reactivity was not related to internalizing symptoms. Furthermore, childhood adversity predicted increased fronto-amygdala connectivity to negative, but not positive, images, yet only in lower internalizing adolescents. Childhood adversity also predicted increased fronto-hippocampal connectivity to negative images, but was not moderated by internalizing. These findings were unrelated to adolescence adversity or externalizing symptoms, suggesting specificity to childhood adversity and adolescent internalizing. Together, these findings suggest that adaptation to childhood adversity is associated with augmentation of fronto-subcortical circuits specifically for negative emotional stimuli. Conversely, insufficient enhancement of fronto-amygdala connectivity, with increasing amygdala reactivity, may represent a neural signature of vulnerability for internalizing by late adolescence. These findings implicate early childhood as a critical period in determining the brain’s adaptation to adversity, and suggest that even normative adverse experiences can have significant impact on neurodevelopment and functioning. These results offer potential neural mechanisms of adaptation and vulnerability which could be used in the prediction of risk for psychopathology following childhood adversity.