Plasticity, learning and cognition
Plasticity, learning and cognition
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可塑性、学习和认知
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
Skye M Long
中科院分区：
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作者：
E. Jakob;Christa D. Skow;Skye M Long
越来越清楚的是，蜘蛛并不完全是本能驱使的，它们的行为也不是一成不变的。在这里，我们回顾了行为可塑性、学习和其他认知过程的证据，如注意启动和记忆。我们首先在几种自然环境中考察这些属性：捕食、与同种生物和潜在捕食者的相互作用，以及空间导航。接下来，我们考察了两种比较人工的实验方法，即避暑和在富裕与贫困环境中饲养。我们简要描述了这些行为的神经生物学基础。最后，我们指出了我们的知识差距最大的领域，并为研究人员开始自己的蜘蛛学习研究提供了建议。纵观蜘蛛学习的研究历史，与昆虫学习的历史相似，但远远落后。在二十世纪初，普遍的观点是昆虫的学习通常是由本能引导的，但稳步积累的数据已经改变了我们对学习在它们日常生活中的重要性的看法(2008年在Dukas回顾)。尽管昆虫的大脑很小，但它们能够学习一系列与觅食、反捕食行为、攻击性、社会交往、求偶和配偶选择有关的任务(Dukas，2008)。对蜘蛛行为的研究正在经历类似的转变。从一个多世纪前开始，研究人员定期深入研究蜘蛛的行为主要是本能的还是可以通过经验改变的问题。
As is becoming increasingly clear, spiders are not entirely instinct driven and inflexible in their behaviour. Here we review evidence for behavioural plasticity, learning and other cognitive processes such as attentional priming and memory. We first examine these attributes in several natural contexts: predation, interactions with conspecifics and potential predators, and spatial navigation. Next we examine two somewhat more artificial experimental approaches, heat aversion and rearing in enriched versus impoverished environments. We briefly describe the neurobiological underpinnings of these behaviours. Finally, we point to areas where our knowledge gaps are greatest, and we offer advice for researchers beginning their own studies of spider learning. Overview The history of the study of spider learning parallels that of insect learning, but lags well behind. At the start of the twentieth century, the general view was that insect learning was generally guided by instinct, but a steady accumulation of data has transformed our view of the importance of learning in their daily lives (reviewed in Dukas, 2008). In spite of their tiny brains, insects are capable of learning a multitude of tasks related to foraging, anti-predatory behaviour, aggression, social interactions, courtship and mate choice (Dukas, 2008). The study of spider behaviour is undergoing a similar transformation. Beginning over a century ago, researchers have periodically delved into the question of whether spider behaviour is primarily instinctual or can be modified with experience.