Cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight
Cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight
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DOI：
10.1097/00005768-199608000-00007
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发表时间：
1996-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Watenpaugh, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hargens, AR;Watenpaugh, DE
本文综述了最近关于心血管适应航天飞行的飞行和地面研究。微重力暴露的显著特征包括重力压力丧失、相对较低的静脉压力、体液移位、血浆体积减少、飞行后直立不耐受和运动能力下降。许多这些对微重力的短期反应在长时间的微重力暴露中延伸，可能是由心血管系统滋养的局部组织的压力（血液和组织）和液体平衡的改变来解释的。在这方面，特别值得注意的是，在地球上，下半身的组织（如足部）很好地适应了局部高血压，而上半身的组织（如头部）却不太适应局部血压的升高。由于这些和其他原因，应对长时间飞行的对策应该包括在下半身恢复类似地球的较高血压。
This article reviews recent flight and ground-based studies of cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight. Prominent features of microgravity exposure include loss of gravitational pressures, relatively low venous pressures, headward fluid shifts, plasma volume loss, and postflight orthostatic intolerance and reduced exercise capacity. Many of these short-term responses to microgravity extend themselves during long-duration microgravity exposure and may be explained by altered pressures (blood and tissue) and fluid balance in local tissues nourished by the cardiovascular system. In this regard, it is particularly noteworthy that tissues of the lower body (e.g., foot) are well adapted to local hypertension on Earth, whereas tissues of the upper body (e.g., head) are not as well adapted to increases in local blood pressure. For these and other reasons, countermeasures for long-duration flight should include reestablishment of higher, Earth-like blood pressures in the lower body.