Answer to the Portuguese Crisis: Turning Vacant Land into Urban Agriculture
Answer to the Portuguese Crisis: Turning Vacant Land into Urban Agriculture
复制标题
应对葡萄牙危机：将闲置土地转变为都市农业
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Delgado
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Delgado
危机时期农业生产空间需求的增加已得到广泛认可（城市、贫困和食品，2010），这一现象在葡萄牙得到了证实。本文重点讨论城市农业用地的获取以及重新审视土地利用规划以成为 UPA 长期巩固的促进工具的必要性。本文是一篇原创文章，借鉴了两个典型的城市和周边城市农业[UPA]葡萄牙经验。它们是 UPA 应对经济危机的相关例子，因为它们的扩张时间（超过 10 年）、规模（超过 5 公顷）和参与的城市农民数量（超过 200 人）。他们提供了关于城市规划应如何应对新兴现象的见解。此外，本文还提出了农业农村法和葡萄牙宪法（2005 年）的关键问题，为葡萄牙规范框架提供了创新的可能性，以促进城市和城郊农业土地的获取。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，本文根据用户概况、家庭收入、土地财产（公共或私人）、社会包容对创收和创造就业的潜在结果，提出了三种类型的土地分区。将城市农业分区引入现有的土地利用规划和规范框架似乎是将城市闲置城市空间转变为可持续生产和/或包容性区域的关键工具。本研究采用三管齐下的方法：[1]国际文献的案头审查，[2]对现有法律和相关宪法条款的批判性分析，以及[3]对两个范例的深入分析得出的结论是，现有的经济危机及其社会和经济破坏性影响同时也是重新思考和更新葡萄牙城市土地使用规划和政策的机会。该过程应向所有相关的公共、私人和社区行为者开放，并由各部门的代表进行。正如本文所建议的，社会包容农业区可能是帮助解决这一急需的辩论的有力方式。
The increase in demand for spaces for agricultural production during times of crisis is well recognised (Cities, Poverty and Food, 2010) and this phenomenon can be verified in Portugal. This paper focuses on the access to urban land for agriculture and the need to revisit Land Use Planning to become a facilitating tool for long-term consolidation of UPA. This paper is an original essay drawing lessons from two paradigmatic Urban and Peri – Urban Agriculture [UPA] Portuguese experiences. They are relevant examples of UPA as a response to the economic crisis, by their expansion through time (more than 10 years), their size (more than five hectares) and number of urban farmers involved (more than 200 people). They provide insights on how urban planning should deal with an emerging phenomenon. In addition, this paper raises critical issues on the agricultural rural law and the Portuguese Constitution (2005) that opens up innovative possibilities for a Portuguese normative framework to facilitate access to urban and peri-urban agricultural land in cities. Last but not least, this paper proposes three types of land zoning, based on users profiles, family income, land property (public or private), potential outcomes from social inclusion to income generation and job creation. The introduction of urban agriculture zoning into existing land use planning and normative framework appears as a key instrument for turning vacant urban spaces in cities into sustainable productive and /or inclusionary areas. The three pronged approach designed for this research: [1] desk review of international literature, [2] critical analysis of existing laws and relevant constitutional articles and [3] in-depth analysis of two paradigmatic examples leads to the conclusion that the existing economic crisis and its social and economic devastating effects is at the same time an opportunity to rethink and renew the Land Use Planning and Policies in Portuguese cities. The process should be open to all relevant public, private and community actors and conducted by representatives from each sector. Agricultural Zones of Social Inclusion, as suggested in the paper might be a powerful way to help out this much needed debate.