The Ontogeny of Gap Crossing Behaviour in Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii).
The Ontogeny of Gap Crossing Behaviour in Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0130291
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Thorpe SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chappell J;Phillips AC;van Noordwijk MA;Mitra Setia T;Thorpe SK
对于猩猩，最大的主要是树栖灵长类动物，不连续的树冠提出了一个特殊的挑战。树与树之间最短的间隙位于细的外围树枝之间，这为大型动物提供了最小的稳定性。然而，不同年龄的红毛猩猩所经历的森林树冠的启示，必须有很大的不同，因为成年雄性在运动独立的早期阶段的大小比婴儿大一个数量级。红毛猩猩已经发展出一系列不同的运动行为来穿越树木之间的缝隙，这在它们的身体和认知需求上各不相同。本研究旨在探讨红毛猩猩间隙穿越行为的个体发育，并确定哪些因素影响红毛猩猩的距离。一种非侵入性的摄影技术被用来量化前臂长度作为衡量身体大小。我们还记录了运动行为，支持使用和树木之间的距离。我们的研究结果表明，差距跨越不同的身体和认知发展。更复杂的运动行为，利用顺应性的树干和藤本植物，被用来跨越最大的差距，但这些峰值频率早于预期，4岁和5岁之间，这可能反映了发挥行为，以完善的运动技术。较小的个体也通过使用支撑变形来跨越相对于其尺寸不成比例的大间隙。我们的研究结果表明，红毛猩猩获得完整的剧目的差距跨越技术，包括更高的认知要求，断奶前，但调整使用这些技术的频率，以增加身体的大小。
For orangutans, the largest predominantly arboreal primates, discontinuous canopy presents a particular challenge. The shortest gaps between trees lie between thin peripheral branches, which offer the least stability to large animals. The affordances of the forest canopy experienced by orangutans of different ages however, must vary substantially as adult males are an order of magnitude larger in size than infants during the early stages of locomotor independence. Orangutans have developed a diverse range of locomotor behaviour to cross gaps between trees, which vary in their physical and cognitive demands. The aims of this study were to examine the ontogeny of orangutan gap crossing behaviours and to determine which factors influence the distance orangutans crossed. A non-invasive photographic technique was used to quantify forearm length as a measure of body size. We also recorded locomotor behaviour, support use and the distance crossed between trees. Our results suggest that gap crossing varies with both physical and cognitive development. More complex locomotor behaviours, which utilized compliant trunks and lianas, were used to cross the largest gaps, but these peaked in frequency much earlier than expected, between the ages of 4 and 5 years old, which probably reflects play behaviour to perfect locomotor techniques. Smaller individuals also crossed disproportionately large gaps relative to their size, by using support deformation. Our results suggest that orangutans acquire the full repertoire of gap crossing techniques, including the more cognitively demanding ones, before weaning, but adjust the frequency of the use of these techniques to their increasing body size.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Hunt, KD;Cant, JGH;Youlatos, D
通讯作者：
Youlatos, D
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
CANNON, CH;LEIGHTON, M
通讯作者：
LEIGHTON, M
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
CHEVALIERSKOLNIKOFF, S;GALDIKAS, BMF;SKOLNIKOFF, AZ
通讯作者：
SKOLNIKOFF, AZ
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Myatt, J. P.;Thorpe, S. K. S.
通讯作者：
Thorpe, S. K. S.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
CANT, JGH
通讯作者：
CANT, JGH