Larval chemical defence and evolution of host shifts in Chrysomela leaf beetles
Larval chemical defence and evolution of host shifts in Chrysomela leaf beetles
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DOI：
10.1007/s000490050029
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Pasteels, Jacques M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Termonia, Arnaud;Pasteels, Jacques M.
叶甲幼虫释放属于各种化学家族的挥发性化合物用于防御。本研究的重点是基于异丁酸和2-甲基丁酸的酯化反应的防御策略与各种各样的醇采取了从宿主植物。到目前为止，只有两个物种已知产生这些驱虫剂：C。interrupta，与桦木科（Betulaceae）和C.为了了解其他物种是否也有这种化学防御，以及食用植物如何影响这些毒素的分泌，我们通过质谱分析确定了异或2-在桦木科和杨柳科特有的天牛幼虫防御分泌物中发现了甲基丁酸及其酯类化合物，筛选分析表明，这些化合物的合成是一个共同的字符，仅限于所有成员属于C。interrupta group sensu Brown（1956），不考虑寄主植物家族。这些结果表明，导致这些化合物的合成的生化机制可以被认为是一个synapomorphy意味着该集团可能是monophyltic.Defensive分泌物的interrupta组的成员进行了定量测定异-和2-甲基丁酸及其（Z）-3-己烯酯。结果表明，化学可塑性发达的柳属植物。异-和2-甲基丁酸衍生物和水杨醛在其幼虫分泌物的量取决于食品植物和其含量的酚葡糖苷。
Larvae of Chrysomela leaf beetles release for defence volatile compounds belonging to various chemical families. This study focuses on the defensive strategy based on the esterification of isobutyric acid and 2-methylbutyric acid with a wide variety of alcohols taken up from the host plant. To date, only two species are known to produce these repellents: C. interrupta, which is associated with Betulaceae and C. lapponica which occurs either on Betulaceae or Salicaceae.In order to know if other species have developed this chemical defence and how the food plant influences the secretion of these toxins, we targeted by mass spectrometry the presence of iso- and 2-methylbutyric acids and esters of them in the defensive secretions of Chrysomela larvae exclusively associated with Betulaceae or Salicaceae.Screening analyses reveal that the synthesis of these compounds is a common character restricted to all the members belonging to the C. interrupta group sensu Brown (1956) regardless of the host-plant family. These results suggest that the biochemical mechanism leading to the synthesis of these compounds could be considered as a synapomorphy meaning that the group is probably monophyletic.Defensive secretions of the members of the interrupta group are quantitatively assayed for iso- and 2-methylbutyric acids and their (Z)-3-hexenyl esters. Results reveal a chemical plasticity developed by Chrysomela species associated with Salicaceae. The amounts of iso- and 2-methylbutyric acids derivatives and of salicylaldehyde in their larval secretions depend on the food plant and on its content in phenolglucosides.