Hazardous Air Pollutants in Fresh and Aged Western US Wildfire Smoke and Implications for Long-Term Exposure
Hazardous Air Pollutants in Fresh and Aged Western US Wildfire Smoke and Implications for Long-Term Exposure
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.0c04497
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发表时间：
2020-10-06
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Fischer, Emily V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Dell, Katelyn;Hornbrook, Rebecca S.;Fischer, Emily V.
野火对美国的空气质量产生重大不利影响。为了了解野火烟雾的潜在健康影响，许多流行病学研究依赖于细颗粒物（PM）的浓度作为烟雾示踪剂。然而，环境保护局（EPA）确定的许多气相有害空气污染物（HAP）也存在于野火烟羽中。利用西部野火实验云化学，气溶胶吸收和氮（WE-CAN）的观测结果，这是一项2018年基于飞机的实地活动，测量了美国西部野火烟羽中的HAP和PM，我们确定了HAP与相关健康风险，PM和烟龄之间的关系。我们发现急性，慢性非癌症和慢性癌症HAPs健康风险和烟雾中PM的比例随着吸烟年龄的变化而降低，新鲜（3天老化）烟雾的比例高达72%。我们发现，丙烯醛，甲醛，苯和氰化氢是主要贡献者的气相HAPs的烟雾羽流的风险。最后，我们使用HAPs与PM的比率沿着与年平均烟雾特定PM一起来估计当前和潜在的未来烟雾HAPs风险。
Wildfires have a significant adverse impact on air quality in the United States (US). To understand the potential health impacts of wildfire smoke, many epidemiology studies rely on concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM) as a smoke tracer. However, there are many gas-phase hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that are also present in wildfire smoke plumes. Using observations from the Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen (WE-CAN), a 2018 aircraft-based field campaign that measured HAPs and PM in western US wildfire smoke plumes, we identify the relationships between HAPs and associated health risks, PM, and smoke age. We find the ratios between acute, chronic noncancer, and chronic cancer HAPs health risk and PM in smoke decrease as a function of smoke age by up to 72% from fresh (3 days of aging) smoke. We show that acrolein, formaldehyde, benzene, and hydrogen cyanide are the dominant contributors to gas-phase HAPs risk in smoke plumes. Finally, we use ratios of HAPs to PM along with annual average smoke-specific PM to estimate current and potential future smoke HAPs risks.