Genetic Redundancies and Their Evolutionary Maintenance
Genetic Redundancies and Their Evolutionary Maintenance
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-3567-9_13
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Zhang, Jianzhi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang, Jianzhi
遗传冗余是指从基因组中删除或突变一个基因，由于一个或多个其他基因赋予的功能补偿，对生物体的表型或适应性影响很小或没有影响的普遍现象。在这里，我总结了重复基因之间的功能冗余和代谢反应之间的功能冗余的研究，这些代谢反应分别代表了个体基因水平和系统水平的遗传冗余。我讨论了基因组中普遍存在的遗传冗余，这些冗余的进化起源，以及负责它们稳定维持的机制。我证明了基因冗余是非常丰富的。虽然它们中的一些可能在进化上是暂时的，但许多是稳定的。大多数稳定的裁员可能被选择性地保留，不是因为它们在未来有害突变方面的潜在好处，而是因为它们现在或最近的实际好处。其余的可能是通过对非冗余多向异性函数的选择来保留的。这里总结的研究说明了系统分析对于理解进化现象的效用，以及进化思维在揭示系统特性的功能和起源方面的重要性。
Genetic redundancy refers to the common phenomenon that deleting or mutating a gene from a genome has minimal or no impact on the phenotype or fitness of the organism because of functional compensation conferred by one or more other genes. Here I summarize studies of functional redundancies between duplicate genes and those among metabolic reactions that respectively represent genetic redundancies at the individual gene level and at the systems level. I discuss the prevalence of genetic redundancies in a genome, evolutionary origins of these redundancies, and mechanisms responsible for their stable maintenance. I show that genetic redundancies are highly abundant. While some of them may be evolutionarily transient, many are stable. The majority of the stable redundancies are likely to have been selectively kept, not because of their potential benefits in regard to future deleterious mutations, but because of their actual benefits at present or in the recent past. The rest are probably preserved by selection on nonredundant pleiotropic functions. The studies summarized here illustrate the utility of systems analysis for understanding evolutionary phenomena and the importance of evolutionary thinking in uncovering the functions and origins of systemic properties.