Universal Credit: Assumptions, Contradictions and Virtual Reality
Universal Credit: Assumptions, Contradictions and Virtual Reality
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DOI：
10.1017/s1474746416000154
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Bennett, Fran
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Millar, Jane;Bennett, Fran
Universal Credit是英国社会保障体系的一项重大变革，将影响约800万个家庭，将现有的六项经济状况调查福利和税收抵免取代为基于收入，资产和情况的单一福利，并按月支付。关于普遍信贷的许多评论都支持这一原则，但对交付提出了担忧。对原则的这种共识和对交付的关注导致对设计中的关键政策选择的关注减少。本文从两个方面探讨了通用信贷的设计：使通用信贷尽可能像工作一样的目标，以及经济状况调查的架构。这里的重点是普遍信贷设计背后的假设与低收入、低工资和往往不稳定的就业的研究证据之间的差距。最后，我们讨论了转型的“目标普遍信贷，以帮助人们实现更大的独立性”从国家，和深化和扩大控制索赔人的生活的现实之间的最重要的矛盾。
Universal Credit is a major change in the UK's social security system which will affect around eight million households by replacing six existing means-tested benefits and tax credits with a single benefit, based on income, assets and circumstances, and paid monthly. Much commentary about Universal Credit has supported the principle but raised concerns about delivery. This consensus about the principles and the focus on delivery have resulted in less attention being paid to key policy choices informing the design. This article examines two aspects of the design of Universal Credit: the aim to make Universal Credit as much like work' as possible, and the architecture of the means test. The focus here is the gap between the assumptions underlying the design of Universal Credit, on the one hand, and the research evidence about life on a low income, and in low-waged and often insecure employment, on the other. Finally, we discuss the most significant contradiction between the transformational' aim for Universal Credit, to help people achieve greater independence' from the state, and the realities of deepening and widening control of claimants' lives.