Stability and Change of Personality Traits, Self-Esteem, and Well-Being: Introducing the Meta-Analytic Stability and Change Model of Retest Correlations
Stability and Change of Personality Traits, Self-Esteem, and Well-Being: Introducing the Meta-Analytic Stability and Change Model of Retest Correlations
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DOI：
10.1037/pspp0000066
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Schimmack, Ulrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anusic, Ivana;Schimmack, Ulrich
个体差异的稳定性是人格心理学中的一个基本问题。尽管越来越多的证据表明，许多心理属性既具有稳定性又会随时间而变化，但现有的研究很少利用能够同时捕捉稳定性和变化的理论模型。在本文中，我们提出了元分析稳定性与变化模型（MASC），这是一种用于综合纵向研究数据的新型元分析模型。MASC基于特质 - 状态模型，该模型能够将稳定因素和变化因素的影响与不可靠的方差区分开来（肯尼和佐特拉，1995）。我们使用MASC评估了人格特质、生活满意度、情感和自尊在多大程度上受到这些不同因素的影响。结果表明，人格特质中大部分可靠方差可归因于稳定的影响（83%）。与人格相比，变化因素对生活满意度、自尊和情感的可靠方差影响更大（42% - 56%对17%）。此外，对幸福感的变化影响比对人格特质的变化影响更稳定，这表明不同的变化因素对人格和幸福感有不同作用。情感的测量比其他三种结构的测量可靠性更低，这反映了诸如情绪等瞬时因素对情感判断的影响。在考虑了可靠性差异之后，情感的稳定性与其他幸福感变量并无差异。与先前的研究一致，我们发现个体差异的稳定性随年龄增长而增加。
The stability of individual differences is a fundamental issue in personality psychology. Although accumulating evidence suggests that many psychological attributes are both stable and change over time, existing research rarely takes advantage of theoretical models that capture both stability and change. In this article, we present the Meta-Analytic Stability and Change model (MASC), a novel meta-analytic model for synthesizing data from longitudinal studies. MASC is based on trait-state models that can separate influences of stable and changing factors from unreliable variance (Kenny & Zautra, 1995). We used MASC to evaluate the extent to which personality traits, life satisfaction, affect, and self-esteem are influenced by these different factors. The results showed that the majority of reliable variance in personality traits is attributable to stable influences (83%). Changing factors had a greater influence on reliable variance in life satisfaction, self-esteem, and affect than in personality (42%-56% vs. 17%). In addition, changing influences on well-being were more stable than changing influences on personality traits, suggesting that different changing factors contribute to personality and well-being. Measures of affect were less reliable than measures of the other 3 constructs, reflecting influences of transient factors, such as mood on affective judgments. After accounting for differences in reliability, stability of affect did not differ from other well-being variables. Consistent with previous research, we found that stability of individual differences increases with age.