Visual stability and the motion aftereffect: a psychophysical study revealing spatial updating.
Visual stability and the motion aftereffect: a psychophysical study revealing spatial updating.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0016265
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发表时间：
2011-01-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ilg UJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biber U;Ilg UJ
眼球运动在视网膜上创造了一个不断变化的世界图像。特别是频繁的扫视需要一种补偿机制来将变化的视觉信息转化为稳定的感知。为此，大脑可能会使用运动命令的内部拷贝。灵长类动物顶叶外侧内皮层、额叶视野和上丘视觉神经元的电生理记录表明，在扫视开始前，特殊神经元的感受野（RFs）向它们的后扫视位置移动。然而，这些变化的感知后果仍然存在争议。我们想在人类身上测试运动适应的重新映射是否发生在视觉感知中。运动后效应（MAE）发生在视运动刺激为向相反方向的明显运动后。我们设计了一个适合于揭示前扫视的前扫视映射的范式。事实上，当受试者准备扫视时，可以观察到运动适应从扫视前到扫视后的转移。在重新定位条件下，MAE的强度与对照条件下测量的效果相当（33±7%比27±4%）。相反，当适应和测试刺激位于不同的视网膜位置时，在扫视后或没有扫视计划时，MAE弱或不存在，即明显的视网膜异位效应。在视觉认知方面，我们的研究首次揭示了MAE的预测性重映射，但没有跨扫视的空间主题转移。由于灵长类动物参与运动适应的皮质部位最有可能是初级视觉皮层和与人类颞叶皮层相对应的中颞叶区（MT/V5），我们的研究结果表明，跳前重映射延伸到这些区域，这些区域与严格的视网膜切除有关，因此与经典的RF组织有关。这里所展示的视觉特征的前扫视转移可能是一个关键的决定因素，以稳定的知觉，尽管扫视。
Eye movements create an ever-changing image of the world on the retina. In particular, frequent saccades call for a compensatory mechanism to transform the changing visual information into a stable percept. To this end, the brain presumably uses internal copies of motor commands. Electrophysiological recordings of visual neurons in the primate lateral intraparietal cortex, the frontal eye fields, and the superior colliculus suggest that the receptive fields (RFs) of special neurons shift towards their post-saccadic positions before the onset of a saccade. However, the perceptual consequences of these shifts remain controversial. We wanted to test in humans whether a remapping of motion adaptation occurs in visual perception. The motion aftereffect (MAE) occurs after viewing of a moving stimulus as an apparent movement to the opposite direction. We designed a saccade paradigm suitable for revealing pre-saccadic remapping of the MAE. Indeed, a transfer of motion adaptation from pre-saccadic to post-saccadic position could be observed when subjects prepared saccades. In the remapping condition, the strength of the MAE was comparable to the effect measured in a control condition (33±7% vs. 27±4%). Contrary, after a saccade or without saccade planning, the MAE was weak or absent when adaptation and test stimulus were located at different retinal locations, i.e. the effect was clearly retinotopic. Regarding visual cognition, our study reveals for the first time predictive remapping of the MAE but no spatiotopic transfer across saccades. Since the cortical sites involved in motion adaptation in primates are most likely the primary visual cortex and the middle temporal area (MT/V5) corresponding to human MT, our results suggest that pre-saccadic remapping extends to these areas, which have been associated with strict retinotopy and therefore with classical RF organization. The pre-saccadic transfer of visual features demonstrated here may be a crucial determinant for a stable percept despite saccades.
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