Pyrethroid insecticides pose greater risk than organophosphate insecticides to biocontrol agents for human schistosomiasis
Pyrethroid insecticides pose greater risk than organophosphate insecticides to biocontrol agents for human schistosomiasis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120952
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发表时间：
2023-01-10
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Rohr，Jason R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haggerty，Christopher J. E.;Delius，Bryan K.;Rohr，Jason R.
包括杀虫剂在内的农用化学品的使用对粮食生产至关重要，预计到2050年将增加2-5倍。以前的研究表明，农业与人类传染病血吸虫病之间存在正相关关系，这是有问题的，因为这种寄生虫病在全世界感染了大约2.5亿人。某些杀虫剂可能会冲刷农田，对无脊椎动物有剧毒，例如沼虾属的对虾，它们是传播引起血吸虫病的寄生虫的蜗牛的生防剂。通过室内剂量-反应实验和田间观察研究，测定了三种拟除虫菊酯(Efenvalerate、λ-氯氟氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯)和三种有机磷(毒死蜱、马拉硫磷和特丁膦)杀虫剂对对虾的相对毒性。在实验室里，根据模拟数据，拟除虫菊酯的毒性一直比有机磷杀虫剂高几个数量级，而且更有可能使田间径流达到致命水平。在血吸虫病流行的塞内加尔河下游流域的31个水接触点，我们发现，在控制了非生物和对虾水平的因素后，大型对虾的存活与拟除虫菊酯有关，但与附近农田的有机磷施用量无关。我们的实验室和现场结果表明，广泛使用的拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂对对虾具有很强的非靶标作用，这些对虾是生防剂，有4亿人面临人类血吸虫病的风险。了解高风险杀虫剂的生态毒理学可能有助于改善正在进行农业扩张的血吸虫病流行区的人类健康。
Use of agrochemicals, including insecticides, is vital to food production and predicted to increase 2–5 fold by 2050. Previous studies have shown a positive association between agriculture and the human infectious disease schistosomiasis, which is problematic as this parasitic disease infects approximately 250 million people worldwide. Certain insecticides might runoff fields and be highly toxic to invertebrates, such as prawns in the genusMacrobrachium, that are biocontrol agents for snails that transmit the parasites causing schistosomiasis. We used a laboratory dose-response experiment and an observational field study to determine the relative toxicities of three pyrethroid (esfenvalerate, λ-cyhalothrin, and permethrin) and three organophosphate (chlorpyrifos, malathion, and terbufos) insecticides toMacrobrachiumprawns. In the lab, pyrethroids were consistently several orders of magnitude more toxic than organophosphate insecticides, and more likely to runoff fields at lethal levels according to modeling data. At 31 water contact sites in the lower basin of the Senegal River where schistosomiasis is endemic, we found thatMacrobrachiumprawn survival was associated with pyrethroid but not organophosphate application rates to nearby crop fields after controlling for abiotic and prawn-level factors. Our laboratory and field results suggest that widely used pyrethroid insecticides can have strong non-target effects onMacrobrachiumprawns that are biocontrol agents where 400 million people are at risk of human schistosomiasis. Understanding the ecotoxicology of high-risk insecticides may help improve human health in schistosomiasis-endemic regions undergoing agricultural expansion.