Toward a Proprioceptive Neural Interface that Mimics Natural Cortical Activity.
Toward a Proprioceptive Neural Interface that Mimics Natural Cortical Activity.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-47313-0_20
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Miller LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tomlinson T;Miller LE
在过去的十年里，传出神经接口的巨大进步是值得注意的，皮质信号被用来允许瘫痪患者控制假肢甚至他们自己的手的运动。然而，这一成功让我们在恢复这些患者的躯体感觉方面相对缺乏进展的情况得到了缓解。躯体感觉，包括本体感觉，肢体位置和运动感，在伸手和行走等基本运动任务中都发挥着至关重要的作用。它的损失导致了严重的赤字。几十年甚至几个世纪前的历史研究已经证明，通过电激活中枢神经系统可以引起特定形式的感觉。最近的工作集中在通过直接刺激躯体感觉皮质(S1)来提炼这些感觉的挑战。动物能够检测到特定的刺激模式，甚至将这些模式与特定的感官线索联系起来。这项研究的大部分涉及到体感皮质中与触觉有关的区域。对于本体感觉，相应的研究工作还很少。在这里，我们描述了通过时空精确的皮质内微刺激(ICMS)来发展传入神经接口的努力。我们回顾了已知的本体感觉的皮质表征，并描述了我们实验室最近的工作，首次证明了像自然本体感觉一样的感觉可以由S1中的ICMS诱发。这些初步发现是发展皮层传入界面以恢复本体感觉的重要第一步。
The dramatic advances in efferent neural interfaces over the past decade are remarkable, with cortical signals used to allow paralyzed patients to control the movement of a prosthetic limb or even their own hand. However, this success has thrown into relief, the relative lack of progress in our ability to restore somatosensation to these same patients. Somatosensation, including proprioception, the sense of limb position and movement, plays a crucial role in even basic motor tasks like reaching and walking. Its loss results in crippling deficits. Historical work dating back decades and even centuries has demonstrated that modality-specific sensations can be elicited by activating the central nervous system electrically. Recent work has focused on the challenge of refining these sensations by stimulating the somatosensory cortex (S1) directly. Animals are able to detect particular patterns of stimulation and even associate those patterns with particular sensory cues. Most of this work has involved areas of the somatosensory cortex that mediate the sense of touch. Very little corresponding work has been done for proprioception. Here we describe the effort to develop afferent neural interfaces through spatiotemporally precise intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). We review what is known of the cortical representation of proprioception, and describe recent work in our lab that demonstrates for the first time, that sensations like those of natural proprioception may be evoked by ICMS in S1. These preliminary findings are an important first step to the development of an afferent cortical interface to restore proprioception.