Social correlates of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in China and India: a review
Social correlates of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in China and India: a review
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DOI：
10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30166-3
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
64.3
通讯作者：
Whiteford, Harvey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng, Hui G.;Shidhaye, Rahul;Whiteford, Harvey
了解精神、神经和药物使用障碍的流行病学概况，为确定高风险人群亚群和制定有效的国别预防和干预战略提供了机会。在世界卫生组织关于健康的社会决定因素的行动概念框架的指导下，我们回顾了文献，以检查中国和印度这两个世界上人口最多的国家的一系列社会相关因素（例如，性别，年龄，教育，收入，城市化，婚姻状况和地区差异）与精神，神经和物质使用障碍之间的关联。我们查找了1990年至2015年间发表的关于精神，神经和物质使用障碍的论文，这些论文具有位置标识符和社会经济相关性，我们的搜索发现了来自中国的65项相关研究和来自印度的29项研究。社会相关因素与精神、神经和物质使用障碍之间的一些关联模式与高收入国家报告的模式不一致，包括中国中年男性酒精使用障碍的高度集中，印度的程度较低，以及印度女性中已婚与抑郁症之间的正相关。与之前的全球报告一致，中国和印度的低教育和贫困与痴呆症的发生率较高有关，尽管有证据表明中国的痴呆症风险与教育和收入之间存在相互作用。在中国，各地区和民族之间的差异很大。这些在中国和印度发现的精神、神经和物质使用障碍的独特相关模式强调了在规划有针对性的策略以减轻这些疾病负担时了解当地社会背景的重要性。迫切需要关于与精神、神经和物质使用障碍相关的不断变化的社会因素模式的高质量、最新信息，以帮助减少这些疾病在中国、印度和其他低收入和中等收入国家造成的巨大且日益严重的负面社会和经济影响。
Understanding the epidemiological profiles of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders provides opportunities for the identification of high-risk population subgroups and for the development of effective country-specific prevention and intervention strategies. Guided by the Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health by WHO we reviewed the literature to examine the association between a range of social correlates (eg, sex, age, education, income, urbanicity, marital status, and regional differences) and mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in China and India, the most populous countries in the world. We looked for papers on mental, neurological, and substance use disorders with location identifiers and socioeconomic correlates published between 1990 and 2015 and our search found 65 relevant studies from China and 29 from India. Several association patterns between social correlates and mental, neurological, and substance use disorders were not consistent with those reported in high-income countries, including a high concentration of middle-aged men with alcohol use disorders in China and to a lesser extent in India, and a positive association between being married and depression among women in India. Consistent with previous global reports, low education and poverty were associated with higher occurrence of dementia in both China and India, although there is evidence of an interaction between education and income in the risk for dementia in China. Large variations across regions and ethnic groups were consistently documented in China. These unique correlation patterns for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders identified in China and India emphasise the importance of understanding the local social context when planning targeted strategies to reduce the burden of these disorders. High-quality, up-to-date information about the constantly changing pattern of societal factors correlated with mental, neurological, and substance use disorders is urgently needed to help reduce the large and increasing negative social and economic effects that these conditions are having in China, India, and other low-income and middle-income countries.