Quantum information theory
Quantum information theory
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DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511976667.016
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发表时间：
2010-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Michael A. Nielsen;Isaac L. Chuang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael A. Nielsen;Isaac L. Chuang
经典信息论主要关注的是发送经典信息的问题-字母表中的字母，语音，比特串-在根据经典物理定律运行的通信信道上。如果我们能建立量子力学的通信渠道，情况会有什么变化？我们能更有效地传递信息吗？我们能否利用量子力学传输秘密信息而不被窃听？这只是当通信信道被允许是量子力学时，我们可能会问的两个问题。这种对通道的重新定义使我们回到过去，重新审视激发经典信息论的基本问题，寻找新的答案。本章概述了量子信息理论的已知内容，包括量子通信信道所带来的一些令人惊讶和有趣的可能性。量子信息理论的动机是对通信信道的研究，但它有更广泛的应用领域，用语言概括该领域的目标是一个发人深省的挑战。如1.6节所述，我们可以确定三个基本目标，将量子信息理论的工作结合起来：识别量子力学中静态资源的基本类别（我们将其识别为“信息”类型）;识别量子力学中动态过程的基本类别（识别为“信息处理”类型）;以及量化执行基本动态过程所产生的资源权衡。
Classical information theory is mostly concerned with the problem of sending classical information – letters in an alphabet, speech, strings of bits – over communications channels which operate in accordance with the laws of classical physics. How does the picture change if we can build quantum-mechanical communications channels? Can we transmit information more efficiently? Can we make use of quantum mechanics to transmit secret information without being eavesdropped on? These are just two of the questions we may ask when communication channels are allowed to be quantum mechanical. This redefinition of what a channel is causes us to go back and re-examine the fundamental questions motivating classical information theory, in the search for new answers. This chapter surveys what is known about quantum information theory, including some surprising and intriguing possibilities made possible by quantum communication channels. Quantum information theory is motivated by the study of communications channels, but it has a much wider domain of application, and it is a thought-provoking challenge to capture in a verbal nutshell the goals of the field. As described in Section 1.6, we can identify three fundamental goals uniting work on quantum information theory: to identify elementary classes of static resources in quantum mechanics (which we identify as types of ‘information’); to identify elementary classes of dynamical processes in quantum mechanics (identified as types of ‘information processing’); and to quantify resource tradeoffs incurred performing elementary dynamical processes.