Principles of Liver Regeneration and Growth Homeostasis
Principles of Liver Regeneration and Growth Homeostasis
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DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c120014
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Michalopoulos, George K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michalopoulos, George K.
肝再生可能是研究最多的补偿性生长的例子，旨在取代器官中组织的损失。肝细胞是肝脏的主要功能细胞，能够增殖以恢复质量，并同时提供维持体内平衡所需的所有功能。它们是第一个对由促有丝分裂生长因子受体MET（肝细胞生长因子受体）和表皮生长因子受体触发的再生刺激做出反应的细胞，并由其他细胞因子诱导的辅助促有丝分裂信号补充。肝再生的终止是一个受整合素介导的信号传导影响的复杂过程，它将器官恢复到由身体需求决定的原始质量（肝功能）。当肝细胞不能增殖时，来源于胆管上皮的祖细胞转分化以恢复肝细胞隔室。在相反的情况下，肝细胞也可以转分化以恢复胆管室。几种激素和外源性物质直接改变肝脏，并诱导肝脏与体重比增加（增强性肝肿大）。因此，肝脏对身体稳态的复杂挑战总是通过复杂但不失败的反应来维持，这些反应涉及协调的信号传导并影响所有肝细胞类型的生长和分化。(C)2013年美国生理学会。Compr Physiol 3：485-513，2013.
Liver regeneration is perhaps the most studied example of compensatory growth aimed to replace loss of tissue in an organ. Hepatocytes, the main functional cells of the liver, manage to proliferate to restore mass and to simultaneously deliver all functions hepatic functions necessary to maintain body homeostasis. They are the first cells to respond to regenerative stimuli triggered by mitogenic growth factor receptors MET (the hepatocyte growth factor receptor] and epidermal growth factor receptor and complemented by auxiliary mitogenic signals induced by other cytokines. Termination of liver regeneration is a complex process affected by integrin mediated signaling and it restores the organ to its original mass as determined by the needs of the body (hepatostat function). When hepatocytes cannot proliferate, progenitor cells derived from the biliary epithelium transdifferentiate to restore the hepatocyte compartment. In a reverse situation, hepatocytes can also transdifferentiate to restore the biliary compartment. Several hormones and xenobiotics alter the hepatostat directly and induce an increase in liver to body weight ratio (augmentative hepatomegaly). The complex challenges of the liver toward body homeostasis are thus always preserved by complex but unfailing responses involving orchestrated signaling and affecting growth and differentiation of all hepatic cell types. (C) 2013 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 3:485-513, 2013.