Nature of dynamic gradients, glass formation, and collective effects in ultrathin freestanding films

Nature of dynamic gradients, glass formation, and collective effects in ultrathin freestanding films
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超薄独立式薄膜中动态梯度、玻璃形成和集体效应的本质

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2104398118
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Simmons, David S.
Simmons, David S.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ghanekarade, Asieh;Phan, Anh D.;Schweizer, Kenneth S.;Simmons, David S.

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分子,聚合物,胶体,和其他类别的液体可以表现出非常大的,空间上不均匀的变化,其动力学和玻璃化转变温度时,被限制在纳米级域。近界面弛豫和厚膜扩散的相关问题的理解已经取得了相当大的进展。然而,“纳米约束效应”对薄膜玻璃态动力学的起源,其中来自不同界面的梯度相互作用和真正的集体有限尺寸效应可能会出现,仍然是一个长期悬而未决的问题。在这里,我们结合联合收割机分子动力学模拟,探测5个十年的松弛,和Elementary合作非线性朗之万方程(ECNLE)理论,解决14个十年的时间尺度,建立一个微观和机械的理解改变动态的关键特征,在独立的膜跨越整个范围从厚膜。模拟和理论是在定性和近定量的协议,而不使用任何可调参数。对于中间厚度的薄膜,动力学行为预测的领先秩序使用一个简单的线性叠加厚膜指数势垒梯度,包括显着的抑制和平坦的各种动态梯度薄膜。然而,在足够薄的薄膜的叠加近似打破了由于出现真正的有限尺寸限制效应。ECNLE理论扩展到治疗薄膜捕捉模拟中发现的现象,没有调用任何临界现象,界面成核梯度的基础上,局部笼约束,结合界面和有限尺寸引起的改变的集体弹性组件的结构松弛过程。
Molecular, polymeric, colloidal, and other classes of liquids can exhibit very large, spatially heterogeneous alterations of their dynamics and glass transition temperature when confined to nanoscale domains. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the related problem of near-interface relaxation and diffusion in thick films. However, the origin of “nanoconfinement effects” on the glassy dynamics of thin films, where gradients from different interfaces interact and genuine collective finite size effects may emerge, remains a longstanding open question. Here, we combine molecular dynamics simulations, probing 5 decades of relaxation, and the Elastically Cooperative Nonlinear Langevin Equation (ECNLE) theory, addressing 14 decades in timescale, to establish a microscopic and mechanistic understanding of the key features of altered dynamics in freestanding films spanning the full range from ultrathin to thick films. Simulations and theory are in qualitative and near-quantitative agreement without use of any adjustable parameters. For films of intermediate thickness, the dynamical behavior is well predicted to leading order using a simple linear superposition of thick-film exponential barrier gradients, including a remarkable suppression and flattening of various dynamical gradients in thin films. However, in sufficiently thin films the superposition approximation breaks down due to the emergence of genuine finite size confinement effects. ECNLE theory extended to treat thin films captures the phenomenology found in simulation, without invocation of any critical-like phenomena, on the basis of interface-nucleated gradients of local caging constraints, combined with interfacial and finite size-induced alterations of the collective elastic component of the structural relaxation process.
通过溶剂化动力学和介电技术探测介孔中的玻璃形成液体
DOI: --
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影响因子: 4.4
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发表时间: 2011-10
期刊: Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics
影响因子: --
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