The role of climate change and decentralization in urban water services: A dynamic energy-water nexus analysis
The role of climate change and decentralization in urban water services: A dynamic energy-water nexus analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2021.117830
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发表时间：
2021-11-08
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Mo, Weiwei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khalkhali, Masoumeh;Dilkina, Bistra;Mo, Weiwei
城市供水服务，包括饮用水供应和废水处理，高度依赖能源，加剧了水-能源关系下所述的挑战。未来的气候变化和分散式供水系统的采用可能会影响城市供水服务的能源使用。然而，这种影响的趋势和程度还没有得到很好的理解。在这项研究中，开发了一个建模框架来量化气候变化和权力下放对城市水循环生命周期能源使用的单独和综合影响，以马萨诸塞州波士顿市为试验平台。两种类型的家庭分散系统被认为是，灰水回收（GWR）系统和雨水收集（RWH）系统。该建模框架集成了基于多元线性回归分析，水文建模，水平衡模型和生命周期评估的经验模型，以捕获集中式供水服务，分散式供水系统采用和累积能源需求（CED）评估的气候参数之间的复杂相互作用，考虑波士顿的所有住宅建筑。有人发现，气候变化本身将略有增加的集中式系统的能源使用接近世纪结束时，由于取消影响之间的水质，流速，空间和水加热需求的变化。当单独考虑去中心化时，我们发现经济上可行的去中心化系统不一定能节省能源。事实上，RWH的采用可能会增加能源使用。当气候变化和权力下放相结合时，它们将增加分散系统的产水量和成本节约，同时减少集中系统的能源使用。当集中式系统进一步加入到画面中时，如果GWR或RWH系统被各自的成本节约积极的建筑物采用，则在气候变化的情况下，整个城市水循环的CED预计将在世纪末增加0.9%或2.3%。
Urban water services, including drinking water supply and wastewater treatment, are highly energy dependent, contributing to the challenges described under the water-energy nexus. Both future climate change and decentralized water system adoptions can potentially influence the energy use of the urban water services. However, the trend and the extent of such influences have not been well understood. In this study, a modeling framework was developed to quantify both the separate and the combined influences of climate change and decentralization on the life cycle energy use of the urban water cycle, using the City of Boston, MA as a testbed. Two types of household decentralized systems were considered, the greywater recycling (GWR) systems and the rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems. This modeling framework integrates empirical models based on multilinear regression analysis, hydrologic modeling, water balance models, and life cycle assessment to capture the complex interactions among centralized water services, decentralized water system adoptions, and climate parameters for cumulative energy demand (CED) assessment, considering all residential buildings in Boston. It was found that climate change alone will slightly increase the energy use of the centralized systems towards the end of the century, due to the cancelation effect amongst changes in water quality, flow rate, and space and water heating demand. When decentralization is considered alone, we found economically viable decentralized systems may not necessarily produce energy savings. In fact, RWH adoptions may increase energy use. When climate change and decentralization are combined, they will increase the water yield and cost savings of the decentralized systems, while reducing the energy use from the centralized systems. When the centralized systems are further added into the picture, the CED of the entire urban water cycle is projected to increase by 0.9% or 2.3% towards the end of the century under climate change if GWR or RWH systems are adopted by respective cost saving positive buildings.