The multiple dimensions of male social status in an Amazonian society.
The multiple dimensions of male social status in an Amazonian society.
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亚马逊社会中男性社会地位的多个维度。
DOI：
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.05.001
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kaplan,Hillard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
VONRueden,Christopher;Gurven,Michael;Kaplan,Hillard
虽然社会地位等级制度在所有人类社会中都很常见，但在缺乏大量物质财富或代际继承的小规模社会中，地位的获得相对来说研究得较少。在Tsimane的玻利维亚，一个小规模的亚马逊社会，我们采用了照片排名方法来确定男性社会地位的四个措施的重要预测因素：成功的二元物理对抗，在一个群体中获得一个人的方式，社区范围内的影响力和尊重。评估的预测因素包括年龄，身体大小，食品生产技能，文化适应水平，亲社会人格和社会支持。我们发现，身体大小最好的预测排名的二元战斗能力，而社会支持最好的预测得到一个人的方式在一个群体中，社区范围内的影响力，和尊重。此外，文化适应水平是影响力而不是尊重的独立预测因子，食品生产技能是尊重而不是影响力的独立预测因子。年龄和多元社会地位的措施之间缺乏线性关系的评估，在最近的年龄组中，Tsimane的市场经济和公共教育的曝光率越来越高。据我们所知，这项研究是第一个多变量分析的社会地位，同时考虑不同的决定因素的地位。
While social-status hierarchies are common to all human societies, status acquisition is relatively understudied in small-scale societies lacking significant material wealth or intergenerational inheritance. Among the Tsimane of Bolivia, a small-scale Amazonian society, we employ a photo-ranking methodology to determine the important predictors of four measures of male social status: success in dyadic physical confrontation, getting one's way in a group, community-wide influence, and respect. The predictors evaluated include age, physical size, skill in food production, level of acculturation, prosocial personality, and social support. We find that physical size best predicts rankings of dyadic fighting ability while social support best predicts getting one's way in a group, community-wide influence, and respect. Level of acculturation, furthermore, is an independent predictor of influence but not respect, and skill in food production is an independent predictor of respect but not influence. The lack of a linear relationship between age and the polyadic social-status measures is evaluated in light of the increasing exposure of the Tsimane to market economies and public education among recent age cohorts. To our knowledge, this study is the first multivariate analysis of social status that considers different determinants of status simultaneously.