Review of Solar PV Market Development in East Africa
Review of Solar PV Market Development in East Africa
复制标题
东非太阳能光伏市场发展回顾
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ivan Nygaard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
U. Hansen;Mathilde Brix Pedersen;Ivan Nygaard
虽然太阳能家庭系统在肯尼亚的推广已经以市场为基础进行了几年，但光伏在大多数其他撒哈拉以南非洲国家的推广是由政府和捐助者支持的项目推动的，这些项目旨在满足特定的电力需求，同时为光伏创造一个全国性的利基市场。这种做法正在迅速改变，而且与工业化国家一样，有证据表明，面向私人消费者、机构和村庄的光伏系统正在向更以市场为基础的扩散和私营部门的参与过渡。包括创新融资计划、增值税和进口税豁免、标准化购电协议和上网电价在内的有利扶持框架在不同程度上促进了这一过渡。迄今为止，对这些措施的影响进行的分析很少。本文旨在通过回顾肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达太阳能光伏市场的发展来帮助理解这些影响，重点是如何在文献中解释市场发展的差异。本文发现，尽管坦桑尼亚和乌干达正在迅速追赶，但肯尼亚无论是在装机容量和市场规模方面，还是在当地产业和光伏业务发展方面，仍处于光伏市场发展的领先地位。本文最后提请注意文献中用来解释这三个国家市场发展轨迹差异的特定因素。
While the diffusion of solar home systems in Kenya has been market-based for some years, the diffusion of PV in most other Sub-Saharan African countries has been driven by government and donor-supported projects aimed at serving specific needs for electricity while at the same time creating a national niche market for PV. This practice is rapidly changing and, as in industrialised countries, there is evidence of a transition towards more market-based diffusion and private-sector involvement for PV systems for private consumers, institutions and villages. This transition has been facilitated to varying degrees by conducive enabling frameworks comprising innovative financing schemes, exemptions from VAT and import taxes, standardised power-purchasing agreements and feed-in tariffs. Few analyses have so far been conducted on the effects of such measures. This paper aims to contribute to understanding these effects by reviewing the development of markets for solar PV in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, focusing on how the differences in market development have been explained in the literature. The paper finds that, although Tanzania and Uganda are rapidly catching up, Kenya is still leading the development of PV markets not only in terms of installed capacity and market volume, but also with regard to local industry and PV business development. The paper concludes by drawing attention to particular factors that have been used in the literature to explain disparities in market-development trajectories in the three countries.