Anther appendages of Incarvillea trigger a pollen-dispensing mechanism
Anther appendages of Incarvillea trigger a pollen-dispensing mechanism
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Incarvillea 的花药附属物触发花粉分配机制
DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcn102
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Motley, Timothy J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han, Yi;Dai, Can;Motley, Timothy J.
背景与目的花药附属物在花药裂解和花粉传播中起着不同的作用。本研究旨在探讨软叶incarvilvila arguta特殊花药附属物触发的花粉分配机制。方法采用野外研究方法，记录花的特征、传粉者访花和花与传粉者的相互作用。对花和传粉者的测量数据进行统计分析。通过一系列的花操作后的花粉计数来评价花粉分配效率和花药附属物的功能。结果两种大黄蜂是香豆花的主要传粉者，平均访花频率为1.42次/花h（-1）。结果显示花粉分配呈递减趋势；被传粉者带走的剩余花粉比例从27%下降到10%，在随后的访问中下降到7%。花药附属物作为触发机制分配花粉。花药和附属物的排列具有控制花粉量和时间的功能。机械刺激实验表明，一组附属物只在进入花的方向上被刺激，而另一组附属物只在相反方向（离开花）的刺激下被触发。结论花药附属物是花粉分配的触发机制。雄蕊的配置和决斗触发系统已经进化到分配花粉以增强雄性功能。
Background and Aims Anther appendages play diverse roles in anther dehiscence and pollen dispersal. This study aims to explore the pollen-dispensing mechanism triggered by special anther appendages in Incarvillea arguta.Methods Field studies were conducted to record floral characteristics, pollinator visitations, and flower-pollinator interactions. Measurements of flowers and pollinators were analysed statistically. Pollen counts following a series of floral manipulations were used to evaluate pollen dispensing efficiency and function of the anther appendages.Key Results Field observations determined that two species of Bombus (bumble-bees) were the primary pollinators of I. arguta with a mean visiting frequency of 1.42 visitations per flower h(-1). The results display a diminishing pollen dispensing pattern; the proportion of remaining pollen removed by pollinators decreased from 27 % to 10 % and 7 % in subsequent visits. Anther appendages act as a trigger mechanism to dispense pollen. The arrangement of the anthers and appendages function to control pollen load and timing. Mechanical stimulation experiments revealed that one set of appendages is only triggered by stimulation in the direction moving into the flower, while the other set is only triggered by stimulation in the opposite direction (exiting the flower).Conclusions The anther appendage is a pollen-dispensing trigger mechanism. The configuration of the stamens and duel trigger system has evolved to allocate pollen in allotments to enhance male function.