Lessons from the past, policies for the future: resilience and sustainability in past crises
Lessons from the past, policies for the future: resilience and sustainability in past crises
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DOI：
10.1007/s10669-020-09778-9
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
White, Sam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hadon, John;Eisenberg, Merle;White, Sam
这篇文章调查了过去社会对饥荒、战争和流行病等环境压力源的反应方式。我们表明，过去的人们确实考虑过系统恢复，但只是在部门范围内。他们确实认识到了挑战，并作出了适当的反应，但受到文化制约和资源限制。风险缓解通常在范围上有限，局部化，并再次由文化逻辑决定，文化逻辑可能不一定意识到的不仅仅是症状，而不是实际原因。我们还表明，风险管理和风险缓解安排往往有利于精英阶层的既得利益，而不是更广泛的人口，今天的政策制定者仍然面临的问题。
This article surveys some examples of the ways past societies have responded to environmental stressors such as famine, war, and pandemic. We show that people in the past did think about system recovery, but only on a sectoral scale. They did perceive challenges and respond appropriately, but within cultural constraints and resource limitations. Risk mitigation was generally limited in scope, localized, and again determined by cultural logic that may not necessarily have been aware of more than symptoms, rather than actual causes. We also show that risk-managing and risk-mitigating arrangements often favored the vested interests of elites rather than the population more widely, an issue policy makers today still face.