Reactivation-induced motor skill learning
Reactivation-induced motor skill learning
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2102242118
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发表时间：
2021-06-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Censor, Nitzan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herszage, Jasmine;Sharon, Haggai;Censor, Nitzan
学习运动技能通常需要重复执行，以实现性能的增益。记忆激活框架主要源于啮齿动物的恐惧条件反射研究，已扩展到人类，我们提出了以下问题：运动技能学习可以通过短暂的记忆激活来实现吗？为了解决这个问题，我们让参与者在最初的测试中编码一个运动序列任务，然后在不同的日子进行短暂的任务再激活，每次只有30秒。在最后一次重测中评估学习情况。结果表明，这些短暂的再激活诱导了显着的运动技能学习收益。然而，再激活的功效并不一致，而是由记忆再激活期间连续正确序列的数量决定的。高度连续的再激活导致更高的学习收益，类似于那些诱导充分广泛的做法，而较低的连续性再激活导致最小的学习收益。这些结果在一个新的独立样本中得到了复制，这表明记忆再激活的质量，反映在其连续性上，调节了学习收益的大小。此外，在学习前和学习后之间，经颅磁刺激诱发的初级运动皮层皮质脊髓兴奋性的无创脑刺激测量的变化与重测和迁移性能相关。这些结果证明了一种独特的快速运动技能学习形式，并可能具有深远的影响，例如，在神经损伤后加速运动康复。
Learning motor skills commonly requires repeated execution to achieve gains in performance. Motivated by memory reactivation frameworks predominantly originating from fear-conditioning studies in rodents, which have extended to humans, we asked the following: Could motor skill learning be achieved by brief memory reactivations? To address this question, we had participants encode a motor sequence task in an initial test session, followed by brief task reactivations of only 30 s each, conducted on separate days. Learning was evaluated in a final retest session. The results showed that these brief reactivations induced significant motor skill learning gains. Nevertheless, the efficacy of reactivations was not consistent but determined by the number of consecutive correct sequences tapped during memory reactivations. Highly continuous reactivations resulted in higher learning gains, similar to those induced by full extensive practice, while lower continuity reactivations resulted in minimal learning gains. These results were replicated in a new independent sample of subjects, suggesting that the quality of memory reactivation, reflected by its continuity, regulates the magnitude of learning gains. In addition, the change in noninvasive brain stimulation measurements of corticospinal excitability evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex between pre- and postlearning correlated with retest and transfer performance. These results demonstrate a unique form of rapid motor skill learning and may have far-reaching implications, for example, in accelerating motor rehabilitation following neurological injuries.