An Evaluation of Nitrate, fDOM, and Turbidity Sensors in New Hampshire Streams
An Evaluation of Nitrate, fDOM, and Turbidity Sensors in New Hampshire Streams
复制标题
新罕布什尔州溪流中硝酸盐、fDOM 和浊度传感器的评估
DOI：
10.1002/2017wr020678
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
W. McDowell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Snyder;J. Potter;W. McDowell
2012年建立了最先进的水质传感器网络，以收集新罕布什尔州各地溪流和河流的全年高时间频率水化学数据。这个空间广阔的网络包括八个源头河流和两个主要干河监测站点，跨越各种河流秩序和土地利用。在这里，我们评估硝酸盐，荧光溶解有机物（fDOM），浊度传感器的传感器网络中包括的性能。硝酸盐传感器首先在实验室中进行评估，以确定不同形式的溶解有机碳（DOC）的干扰，然后在一系列水化学条件下进行现场准确性评估。湍流传感器的有效性进行了评估，作为总悬浮固体（TSS）和总颗粒C和N的浓度的代理，和fDOM作为溶解有机物浓度的代理。还通过估计由于传感器故障或相关故障导致的数据丢失百分比来检查传感器平台的整体性能。尽管实验室传感器试验表明DOC会影响光学硝酸盐测量，但我们对抓取样本的验证表明，光学硝酸盐传感器可以在各种条件下可靠地测量NO3浓度。结果表明，fDOM是一个很好的代理DOC浓度（r2 = 0.82），但溶解性有机氮是一个不太有效的代理（r2 = 0.41）。来自传感器的湍流测量值与TSS（r2 = 0.78）、PC（r2 = 0.53）和PN（r2 = 0.51）相关性良好。
A state‐of‐the‐art network of water quality sensors was established in 2012 to gather year‐round high temporal frequency hydrochemical data in streams and rivers throughout the state of New Hampshire. This spatially extensive network includes eight headwater stream and two main stem river monitoring sites, spanning a variety of stream orders and land uses. Here we evaluate the performance of nitrate, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), and turbidity sensors included in the sensor network. Nitrate sensors were first evaluated in the laboratory for interference by different forms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and then for accuracy in the field across a range of hydrochemical conditions. Turbidity sensors were assessed for their effectiveness as a proxy for concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and total particulate C and N, and fDOM as a proxy for concentrations of dissolved organic matter. Overall sensor platform performance was also examined by estimating percentage of data loss due to sensor failures or related malfunctions. Although laboratory sensor trials show that DOC can affect optical nitrate measurements, our validations with grab samples showed that the optical nitrate sensors provide a reliable measurement of NO3 concentrations across a wide range of conditions. Results showed that fDOM is a good proxy for DOC concentration (r2 = 0.82) but is a less effective proxy for dissolved organic nitrogen (r2 = 0.41). Turbidity measurements from sensors correlated well with TSS (r2 = 0.78), PC (r2 = 0.53), and PN (r2 = 0.51).