Should airbags be deactivated for wheelchair-seated drivers?
Should airbags be deactivated for wheelchair-seated drivers?
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2020.1778676
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发表时间：
2020-06-11
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Schneider, Lawrence W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Jingwen;Orton, Nichole;Schneider, Lawrence W.
目的：现场数据表明，在正面碰撞中，驾驶员安全气囊对乘员保护有显著的益处。然而，车辆改装车几乎总是永久停用安全气囊的轮椅驾驶员。本研究的目的是进行雪橇测试和计算模拟，以回答是否驾驶员安全气囊应停用驾驶员坐在轮椅上。方法：在48 kph 20 g正面碰撞脉冲下进行了五次雪橇试验，所有试验均使用驾驶员安全气囊。在测试中，安全带的贴合性（良好、不良和未系安全带）、安全气囊展开时间（适当和延迟）和乘员尺寸（中型男性和小型女性HIII ATD）各不相同。2006年克莱斯勒城乡小型货车被选为标称车辆环境，并与对接固定系统的替代轮椅用于所有雪橇测试。在每次测试中记录头部、颈部、胸部和下肢的ATD损伤测量，并用于验证一组MADYMO模型。然后进行了总共28个MADYMO模拟的参数研究，以研究不同乘员尺寸、安全带配合和碰撞角度（0度、15度和30度）下安全气囊对乘员受伤风险的影响。结果：雪橇测试显示，安全带不合适或没有安全带的轮椅驾驶员存在潜在的安全问题。具体而言，未系安全带的中型男性ATD持续高股骨力，而带配合不良的小型女性ATD持续高胸部偏转。参数模拟表明，安全气囊总体上改善了对轮椅驾驶员的保护。它对于未系安全带的轮椅驾驶员特别有用，并且无论安全带状况、乘员尺寸和碰撞角度如何，都有助于降低头部和颈部受伤的风险。结论：这是第一个研究使用雪橇测试和计算模拟调查安全气囊展开对轮椅驾驶员受伤风险的影响。总的来说，研究结果表明，人们几乎没有理由担心，在今天的车辆中，驾驶员安全气囊的能量会对坐在轮椅上的驾驶员造成严重至致命的伤害。因此，这项研究的结果支持这样的想法，即驾驶员安全气囊通常提供有形的安全效益，为广大的轮椅驾驶员在正面碰撞。
Objective:Field data have shown significant benefit from driver airbag for occupant protection in frontal crashes. However, vehicle modifiers almost always permanently deactivate airbags for wheelchair-seated drivers. The objective of this study was to conduct sled tests and computational simulations to answer whether driver airbags should be deactivated for drivers seated in wheelchairs. Methods:Five sled tests were conducted under a 48-kph 20-g frontal crash pulse all with driver airbag. Seat-belt fit (good, poor, and unbelted), airbag deployment time (proper and late), and occupant size (midsize male and small female HIII ATDs) were varied in the tests. The 2006 Chrysler Town-and-Country minivan was selected as the nominal vehicle environment, and a surrogate wheelchair with a docking securement system was used for all sled tests. ATD injury measures for the head, neck, chest, and lower extremities were recorded in each test, and were used for validating a set of MADYMO models. Parametric studies with a total of 28 MADYMO simulations were then conducted to investigate the airbag effects on occupant injury risks with varied occupant size, belt fit, and impact angle (0, 15, and 30 deg). Results:The sled tests showed potential safety concerns for wheelchair-seated drivers with a poor belt fit or without a belt. Specifically, the unbelted midsize male ATD sustained high femur forces and the small female ATD with poor belt fit sustained high chest deflections. The parametric simulations showed that airbag generally improved the protection for wheelchair-seated drivers. It is especially useful for unbelted wheelchair-seated drivers, and is also helpful for reducing the head and neck injury risks regardless of the belt condition, occupant size, and impact angle. Conclusions:This is the first study using sled tests and computational simulations to investigate the effects of airbag deployment on injury risks of wheelchair-seated drivers. Overall, the results showed little basis for concern that the energy of deploying a driver airbag in today's vehicles will cause serious-to-fatal injuries to drivers seated in wheelchairs. The results of this study therefore support the idea that driver airbags generally offer tangible safety benefits for a wide range of wheelchair-seated drivers in frontal crashes.