Impacts of maternal dietary protein intake on fetal survival, growth, and development
Impacts of maternal dietary protein intake on fetal survival, growth, and development
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DOI：
10.1177/1535370218758275
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Wu, Guoyao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herring, Cassandra M.;Bazer, Fuller W.;Wu, Guoyao
妊娠期母体营养，尤其是膳食蛋白质摄入，是胚胎存活、生长和发育的关键决定因素。由于缺乏对细胞代谢和功能很重要的特定氨基酸，母体饮食蛋白质摄入量低会导致胚胎丢失、子宫内生长受限以及产后生长减慢。值得注意的是，由于氨基酸过量，以及氨基酸分解代谢产生的氨、同型半胱氨酸和H2S的毒性，母体饮食中蛋白质的高摄入量也会导致子宫内生长受限和胚胎死亡。母体蛋白质营养对胎儿编程有明显的影响，并改变胎儿基因组中基因的表达。l -精氨酸（Arg）作为合成具有细胞信号传导和代谢功能的分子（如一氧化氮、多胺和肌酸）的前体，在怀孕期间对胎儿的生长和发育至关重要。由于母体膳食蛋白质摄入不足，母体和胎儿体内缺乏精氨酸等重要氨基酸。妊娠期饲粮中添加精氨酸可有效改善人类、猪、羊、小鼠和大鼠等多种动物的胚胎存活和胚胎发育。氨基酸之间的平衡及其数量对健康的怀孕和后代至关重要。
Maternal nutrition during gestation, especially dietary protein intake, is a key determinant in embryonic survival, growth, and development. Low maternal dietary protein intake can cause embryonic losses, intra-uterine growth restriction, and reduced postnatal growth due to a deficiency in specific amino acids that are important for cell metabolism and function. Of note, high maternal dietary protein intake can also result in intra-uterine growth restriction and embryonic death, due to amino acid excesses, as well as the toxicity of ammonia, homocysteine, and H2S that are generated from amino acid catabolism. Maternal protein nutrition has a pronounced impact on fetal programming and alters the expression of genes in the fetal genome. As a precursor to the synthesis of molecules (e.g. nitric oxide, polyamines, and creatine) with cell signaling and metabolic functions, L-arginine (Arg) is essential during pregnancy for growth and development of the conceptus. With inadequate maternal dietary protein intake, Arg and other important amino acids are deficient in mother and fetus. Dietary supplementation of Arg during gestation has been effective in improving embryonic survival and development of the conceptus in many species, including humans, pigs, sheep, mice, and rats. Both the balance among amino acids and their quantity are critical for healthy pregnancies and offspring.