Propagation of self-localized Q-ball solitons in the 3He universe
Propagation of self-localized Q-ball solitons in the 3He universe
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevb.97.014518
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发表时间：
2018-01-22
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Eltsov, V. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Autti, S.;Heikkinen, P. J.;Eltsov, V. B.
在相对论量子场论中，由于加性量子数Q的守恒，相互作用的玻色子的致密物体可以变得稳定。发现这样的Q球在宇宙中传播将证实标准模型的超对称扩展，并可能揭示暗物质的奥秘，但没有明确的实验证据存在。我们在超流体He-3中创造了长寿命的Q球孤子，其中Q球的角色是由磁振子准粒子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体扮演的。通过实验观察到aQball的主要定性属性：它在空间中的传播和自设的势阱。此外，我们表明，该系统允许定量准确地表示q球哈密顿量。我们的qball属于Friedberg-Lee-SirlinQballs类，带有一个额外的中性场。这是由Nambu-Goldstone模式的轨道部分提供的。在实验中，我们可以创造出多重球，并且我们已经观察到它们之间的碰撞。这些特征使得He-3超流体中的磁振子凝聚体成为研究q球动力学和三维空间相互作用的通用平台。
In relativistic quantum field theories, compact objects of interacting bosons can become stable owing to conservation of an additive quantum number Q. Discovering such Q balls propagating in the universe would confirm supersymmetric extensions of the standard model and may shed light on the mysteries of dark matter, but no unambiguous experimental evidence exists. We have created long-lived Q-ball solitons in superfluid He-3, where the role of the Q ball is played by a Bose-Einstein condensate of magnon quasiparticles. The principal qualitative attribute of aQball is observed experimentally: its propagation in space together with the self-created potential trap. Additionally, we show that this system allows for a quantitatively accurate representation of the Q-ball Hamiltonian. OurQball belongs to the class of the Friedberg-Lee-SirlinQballs with an additional neutral field., which is provided by the orbital part of the Nambu-Goldstone mode. MultipleQballs can be created in the experiment, and we have observed collisions between them. This set of features makes the magnon condensates in superfluid He-3 a versatile platform for studies of Q-ball dynamics and interactions in three spatial dimensions.