Inflorescence Formation in Olive as Influenced by Low Temperature, Photoperiod, and Leaf Area
Inflorescence Formation in Olive as Influenced by Low Temperature, Photoperiod, and Leaf Area
复制标题
低温、光周期和叶面积对橄榄花序形成的影响
DOI：
10.1086/336247
复制
发表时间：
1964
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Hartmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Hackett;H. Hartmann
研究了橄榄树（Olea europaea L.）的低温感知器官和低温开花响应的定位程度，并确定了光周期和叶面积与开花低温需求的关系。研究发现，对低温的开花反应局限于暴露在低温下的部分。局部冷却处理表明，没有必要为了刺激花序的形成而冷却叶片，只要茎和芽被冷却。在花序形成方面，实验表明橄榄是一种中性植物，对低温有专门的要求。叶面积对花序的形成很重要，但在小环生芽上，只要10%的叶面积就足以促进花序的正常数量。叶片对花序形成的影响不会从一棵树的一个支架枝转移到另一个支架枝。然而，小枝上的花序形成受到树木周围叶子的影响，这种影响通过去除包括韧皮部的树皮环来阻断。在一定条件下，变黑的叶子会促进花序的形成。尽管叶片似乎不参与低温的感知，但为了刺激花序的形成，低温和叶片的影响似乎必须同时起作用。
A study was made to ascertain both the organ or organs of perception of low temperatures and the degree of localization of the flowering response to low temperatures, and to determine the relation of photoperiod and leaf area to the low-temperature requirement for flowering in the olive (Olea europaea L.). It was found that the flowering response to low temperatures is localized in the portion of the tree exposed to such temperatures. Localized chilling treatments show that it is not necessary to chill the leaf blades in order to stimulate inflorescence formation, provided the stem and buds are chilled. With respect to inflorescence formation, experiments indicate that the olive is a day-neutral plant, with an obligate low-temperature requirement. Leaf area is important for inflorescence formation, but as little as 10% of the leaf area on small girdled shoots is sufficient to promote normal numbers of inflorescences. The influence of leaves on inflorescence formation is not translocated from one scaffold branch of a tree to another. Inflorescence formation on a small shoot, however, is influenced by the leaves on the surrounding parts of the tree, and this influence is intercepted by removing a ring of bark which includes the phloem. Darkened leaves, under certain conditions, promote inflorescence formation. Even though the leaves do not seem to be involved in the perception of low temperatures, it appears that low temperatures and the leaf influence must act concurrently in order to stimulate inflorescence formation.