The Impact of Stigma on Transgender Identity Development and Mental Health
The Impact of Stigma on Transgender Identity Development and Mental Health
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-7441-8_16
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bockting, Walter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bockting, Walter
跨性别者和跨性别者的存在在历史和文化中都有记载。在20世纪，变性表达被医学化，变性成为可能，最初强制执行性别/性别的二元理解，即男性或女性，男性或女性，男性或女性。目标是调整和生活，无论是作为一个男人还是作为一个女人，避免社会耻辱附加到性别不一致。然而，很快就清楚的是，耻辱是普遍的，并继续下去，即使是那些谁完全过渡到生活作为另一个性别的成员。跨性别者和跨性别者相互之间找到了支持，肯定了他们的。具体的身份和经验，并主张他们的权利。自20世纪90年代以来，范式转向（重新）发现性别多样性的光谱。跨性别者现在是一种身份，不再是一种障碍，对许多人来说，这样的身份是他们出柜过程的重要组成部分，以肯定他们的不同，在同龄人社区中找到归属感，挑战耻辱，并倡导包容，尊重和接受。研究表明，歧视与心理困扰之间存在联系，家庭支持、身份自豪感，特别是同伴支持是保护因素。我们需要的是更好地理解成见的机制，这既是为了。该报告还将分析少数群体人口以及产生和延续污名的社会文化背景，为促进变性人权利和复原力的政策提供信息。
The existence of transgender and gender-nonconforming people has been documented throughout history and across cultures. In the twentieth century, transgender expression became medicalized and sex reassignment became available, initially enforcing a binary understanding of sex/gender as either male or female, man or woman, and masculine or feminine. The goal was to adjust and live either as a man or as a woman, evading the social stigma attached to gender nonconformity. However, it quickly became clear that stigma was pervasive and continued, even for those who fully transitioned to living as a member of the other sex. Transsexual and transgender individuals found support among each other, affirmed their. specific identity and experience, and advocated for their rights. Since the 1990s, the paradigm shifted toward (re)discovery of a spectrum of gender diversity. Transgender is now an identity, no longer a disorder, and identifying as such is for many an important part of their coming-out process to affirm their differentness, find belonging in a community of peers, challenge stigma, and advocate for inclusion, respect, and acceptance. Research has established the association between discrimination and psychological distress, with family support, identity pride, and particularly peer support serving as protective factors. What is needed is a greater understanding of the mechanism of stigma, both for. the minority population and for the sociocultural context in which stigma is produced and perpetuated, to inform policies promoting transgender rights and resilience.