The Niger River system
The Niger River system
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尼日尔河水系
DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Henrietta. Dumont
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Welcomme;Henrietta. Dumont
尼日尔河是西非的主要河流，几千年来一直是人类居住的主要中心。岩画和其他人工制品证明了旧石器时代和新石器时代的定居。最近的一系列王国-加纳的萨拉卡利帝国（8 - 13世纪），马里的曼丁哥帝国（13 - 15世纪）和桑海王国（15世纪）-都使用了上和中尼日尔作为贸易和文化动脉。今天，尼日尔河对20世纪60年代以来兴起的现代国家的发展至关重要。但是，尽管它很重要，令人惊讶的是，很少有协调的生态工作得到开展。已经收集了用于防洪、航行、供水、灌溉和主要水坝规划的水文数据（NEDECO 1959），但生态数据很少。因此，对河流生态的描述依赖于独立的研究，如Daget（例如1954年）、联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO/UN 1962、1969、1970、1971）和个别尼日利亚科学家的研究。本章对这些作品进行总结，并根据作者的个人经验加以补充。
The Niger, the main river draining W Africa, has been a major nucleus for human habitation for several thousand years. Rock paintings and other artefacts attest to settlement during Palaeolithic and Neolithic times. More recently a succession of kingdoms — the Sarakali Empire of Ghana (8–13th century), the Mandingo Empire of Mali (13–15th century) and the Songhai Kingdom (15th century) — all have used the Upper and Middle Niger as trade and cultural arteries. Today, the Niger River is crucial to the development of the modern nations that have arisen since the 1960s. But, despite its importance, surprisingly little coordinated ecological work has been carried out. Hydrographic data have been collected for flood control, navigation, water supply, irrigation and for planning of major dams (NEDECO 1959), but ecological data are sparse. Descriptions of the ecology of the river depend, therefore, on isolated studies such as those of Daget (e.g. 1954), the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO/UN 1962, 1969, 1970, 1971) and individual Nigerian scientists. This chapter summarises these works and supplements them from the author’s personal experience.