A large-scale Sr and Nd isotope baseline for archaeological provenance in Silk Road regions and its application to plant-ash glass
A large-scale Sr and Nd isotope baseline for archaeological provenance in Silk Road regions and its application to plant-ash glass
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2022.105695
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发表时间：
2022-11-14
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Bayon，Germain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lu，Qin-Qin;Chen，Yi-Xiang;Bayon，Germain
生物有效Sr和碎屑Nd同位素是考古学物源研究的重要工具。为了应用Sr和Nd同位素作为物源，通常需要区域同位素数据库和基线。对于广阔的丝绸之路地区的美索不达米亚，伊朗和中亚，详细的同位素分布模式，以确定原产地可能不会成为在短期内由于严重缺乏可用的数据。在目前的工作中，我们调查的地质环境因素控制的Sr和Nd同位素的签名，并使用公布的数据，从考古学和地球科学，严格的标准选择，构建第一个大规模的，半定量Sr-Nd同位素基线为这些丝绸之路地区。中亚地区有三个同位素带：CA-1（山脉），εNd< − 7.5，87 Sr/86 Sr> 0.7095; CA-2（沙漠），εNd= −5至−2，87 Sr/86 Sr> 0.709; CA-3（黄土），εNd= −5至−2，87 Sr/86 Sr> 0.710。伊朗的一般同位素特征为：εNd= −8至−4，87 Sr/86 Sr = 0.7075-0.7090。美索不达米亚有三个同位素带：MP-1（漫滩和山麓），εNd= −6.5至−4（推定的扩展范围MP-1 N，εNd= −8 ~ −6），87 Sr/86 Sr = 0.7080-0.7085; MP-2（沙漠），εNd< −8，87 Sr/86 Sr> 0.7085; MP-3（叙利亚幼发拉底河），εNd= −5.5 ~ −2，87 Sr/86 Sr = 0.7080 ~ 0.7085。在现有数据的限制下，这些范围表明每个同位素带的生物有效Sr和碎屑Nd同位素特征的总体趋势，这些特征受其地质背景、气候（例如，降水），以及各种地球表面过程（例如，河流运输与风成运输）。该基线可用作地球化学背景的基本指南，以建议或验证草木灰玻璃的来源，作为综合Sr-Nd同位素方法的一部分。我们用两个案例研究来说明这种方法的潜力。通过调查美索不达米亚植物灰玻璃的同位素组成，我们建议可能的北方美索不达米亚起源的植物灰和二氧化硅原料用于美索不达米亚玻璃制造。通过重新评估中世纪植物灰玻璃从圣洛伦索，意大利，我们提出了不同的起源，包括中亚和美索不达米亚。此外，作为这种同位素方法的一部分，通过检查Nd同位素混合线的背景下提供的Nd同位素基线，我们揭示了伊斯兰植物灰玻璃从不同的生产区与向西传播从美索不达米亚到东地中海大都市的玻璃回收的发生。
Bioavailable Sr and detrital Nd isotopes are important tools for archaeological provenance. To apply Sr and Nd isotopes for provenance, regional isotope databases and baselines are generally needed. For the vast Silk Road regions of Mesopotamia, Iran, and Central Asia, detailed isotopic distribution patterns essential for determining provenance may not become available in the short term due to the severe deficiency of available data. In the present work, we investigate the geo-environmental factors controlling the Sr and Nd isotopic signatures and use published data from archaeology and Earth sciences, selected by rigorous criteria, to construct the first large-scale, semi-quantitative Sr–Nd isotope baseline for these Silk Road regions. Three isotopic zones are proposed for Central Asia: CA-1 (mountains), εNd< −7.5,87Sr/86Sr > 0.7095; CA-2 (deserts), εNd= −5 to −2,87Sr/86Sr ∼ 0.709; CA-3 (loess), εNd= −5 to −2,87Sr/86Sr > 0.710. General isotopic signatures are suggested for Iran: εNd= −8 to −4,87Sr/86Sr = 0.7075–0.7090. Three isotopic zones are proposed for Mesopotamia: MP-1 (floodplain and foothill), εNd= −6.5 to −4 (putative extended range MP-1N, εNd= −8 to −6),87Sr/86Sr = 0.7080–0.7085; MP-2 (deserts), εNd< −8,87Sr/86Sr > 0.7085; MP-3 (Syrian Euphrates), εNd= −5.5 to −2,87Sr/86Sr = 0.7080–0.7085. Within the limitation of available data, these ranges indicate the overall trend of bioavailable Sr and detrital Nd isotopic signatures for each isotopic zone, which are controlled by their geological context, climate (e.g., precipitation), and various Earth surface processes (e.g., riverine versus aeolian transport). This baseline can be used as an essential guide for geochemical contexts to suggest or verify the provenance of plant-ash glass, serving as part of an integrative Sr–Nd isotopic approach. We illustrate the potential of this approach using two case studies. By investigating the isotopic compositions of Mesopotamian plant-ash glass, we suggest possible northern Mesopotamian origins for plant ash and silica raw materials used for Mesopotamian glass-making. By reassessing medieval plant-ash glass from San Lorenzo, Italy, we propose diverse origins including Central Asia and Mesopotamia. Additionally, as part of this isotopic approach, by examining the Nd isotope mixing lines in the context provided by the Nd isotope baseline, we reveal the occurrence of glass recycling for Islamic plant-ash glass from different production zones in association with a westward spread from Mesopotamia to the Eastern Mediterranean metropolises.