From microjoules to megajoules and kilobars to gigabars: Probing matter at extreme states of deformation
From microjoules to megajoules and kilobars to gigabars: Probing matter at extreme states of deformation
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DOI：
10.1063/1.4930134
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发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
B. Remington;R. Rudd;J. Wark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Remington;R. Rudd;J. Wark
在过去的30年里，在变形和压缩的极端状态下，新出现的物质领域所做的工作呈指数级增长。这种加速的进展是由于新的实验设施，实验技术，理论和模拟的融合。迄今为止被认为在地球环境中遥不可及的科学体系现在正被例行地访问。人们正在高功率激光器和脉冲功率设施上对物质的高压宏观态进行实验研究，下一代光源正在原子水平上探测物质的量子响应。结合起来，这使实验获得的性质和动力学的物质从飞秒到微秒的时间尺度和从千帕到千兆巴的压力。现在有许多新的科学体系可以在实验室环境中使用。实例包括行星形成动力学、小行星和流星撞击动力学、空间硬件对超高速尘埃和碎片撞击的反应、核反应堆部件对长期暴露于辐射损害的反应、对轻型装甲的高级研究、惯性约束聚变研究中的密封舱动力学以及物质的基本高能量密度特性。我们回顾了这一迅速发展的科学和研究领域的亮点和进展。
Over the past 3 decades, there has been an exponential increase in work done in the newly emerging field of matter at extreme states of deformation and compression. This accelerating progress is due to the confluence of new experimental facilities, experimental techniques, theory, and simulations. Regimes of science hitherto thought out of reach in terrestrial settings are now being accessed routinely. High-pressure macroscopic states of matter are being experimentally studied on high-power lasers and pulsed power facilities, and next-generation light sources are probing the quantum response of matter at the atomic level. Combined, this gives experimental access to the properties and dynamics of matter from femtoseconds to microseconds in time scale and from kilobars to gigabars in pressure. There are a multitude of new regimes of science that are now accessible in laboratory settings. Examples include planetary formation dynamics, asteroid and meteor impact dynamics, space hardware response to hypervelocity dust and debris impacts, nuclear reactor component response to prolonged exposure to radiation damage, advanced research into light weight armor, capsule dynamics in inertial confinement fusion research, and the basic high energy density properties of matter. We review highlights and advances in this rapidly developing area of science and research.