What drives the latitudinal gradient in open-ocean surface dissolved inorganic carbon concentration?
What drives the latitudinal gradient in open-ocean surface dissolved inorganic carbon concentration?
复制标题
是什么驱动了公海表面溶解无机碳浓度的纬度梯度？
DOI：
10.5194/bg-16-2661-2019
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
T. Tyrrell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yingxu Wu;M. Hain;M. Humphreys;S. Hartman;T. Tyrrell
抽象的。以前的工作并没有导致对
全球表层海洋溶解无机碳（DIC）空间格局的原因，一般
向两极发展。在这里，我们通过调查
在表面盐度标准化DIC中观测到的纬度梯度的驱动因素
（nDIC）使用全球海洋数据分析项目第2版（GLODAP v2）
数据库我们使用数据库来测试三种不同的假设，
驱动器产生所观察到的表面nDIC从低到高的增加
纬度这些是（1）海洋表面温度，通过其对
CO2系统平衡常数，（2）与盐度相关的总碱度
(TA)（3）DIC和TA富集的高纬深沃茨上升流。我们
发现温度和上升流是两个主要的驱动力。TA效应
通常与观察到的梯度相反，除非
引入涌上的沃茨。温度驱动效应解释了
大部分的表面nDIC纬度梯度（182的223 µmol kg−1增加从热带到高纬度南大洋）。
上升流，以前没有被认为是一个主要的驱动力，
另外还驱动了相当大的纬度梯度。其直接
在任何引起的海气CO2交换之前，
海洋nDIC比低纬度平均值高220 µmol kg−1。
然而，这种直接影响是暂时的。的长期影响
上升流（由增加TA引起），即使气体
交换是为了使海洋表面恢复到与没有交换时相同的CO2。
上升流使nDIC比低纬度平均值高74 µmol kg−1。
Abstract. Previous work has not led to a clear understanding of the
causes of spatial pattern in global surface ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which generally
increases polewards. Here, we revisit this question by investigating the
drivers of observed latitudinal gradients in surface salinity-normalized DIC
(nDIC) using the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2)
database. We used the database to test three different hypotheses for the
driver producing the observed increase in surface nDIC from low to high
latitudes. These are (1) sea surface temperature, through its effect on the
CO2 system equilibrium constants, (2) salinity-related total alkalinity
(TA), and (3) high-latitude upwelling of DIC- and TA-rich deep waters. We
find that temperature and upwelling are the two major drivers. TA effects
generally oppose the observed gradient, except where higher values are
introduced in upwelled waters. Temperature-driven effects explain the
majority of the surface nDIC latitudinal gradient (182 of the 223 µmol kg−1 increase from the tropics to the high-latitude Southern Ocean).
Upwelling, which has not previously been considered as a major driver,
additionally drives a substantial latitudinal gradient. Its immediate
impact, prior to any induced air–sea CO2 exchange, is to raise Southern
Ocean nDIC by 220 µmol kg−1 above the average low-latitude value.
However, this immediate effect is transitory. The long-term impact of
upwelling (brought about by increasing TA), which would persist even if gas
exchange were to return the surface ocean to the same CO2 as without
upwelling, is to increase nDIC by 74 µmol kg−1 above the low-latitude average.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1309345110
发表时间：
2013-12-17
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Assmy, Philipp;Smetacek, Victor;Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter
通讯作者：
Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Nielsdottir, Maria C.;Moore, Christopher Mark;Achterberg, Eric P.
通讯作者：
Achterberg, Eric P.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
H. McGregor;M. Dima;M. Dima;H. Fischer;S. Mulitza
通讯作者：
H. McGregor;M. Dima;M. Dima;H. Fischer;S. Mulitza
海洋生物地球化学过程对大气与海洋CO2交换的影响
影响因子：
3
作者：
Humphreys M
通讯作者：
Humphreys M