Activity-specific evaluation of winter habitat use by Japanese macaques in snow areas, northern Japan : implications for conifer plantation management
Activity-specific evaluation of winter habitat use by Japanese macaques in snow areas, northern Japan : implications for conifer plantation management
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日本北部雪区日本猕猴冬季栖息地利用的具体活动评估：对针叶树种植园管理的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.010
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sakamaki;H.;& Enari;H.
由于林下植物稀少，单一文化的针叶林人工林通常被认为是大多数哺乳动物的低质量栖息地。本文提出了一个多方面的评估针叶林作为栖息地的日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata）居住在日本北方大雪覆盖的地区。我们评估了栖息地的两个猕猴部队在冷温带森林，包括针叶树种植园，这是位于白神山。栖息地利用分为三个行为类别：进食，休息，和旅行。我们直接观察了两个无线电标签部队在冬季全天使用扫描采样技术，这是在食物供应方面的主要瓶颈季节。在每一次采样事件中，我们记录了不同部队的位置和个体的行为模式。然后，我们构建了适合性模型的三种类型的栖息地使用，通过使用生态位因子分析（ENFA）与12个环境变量。ENFA的结果表明，猕猴避免老针叶林种植园，但使用年轻的针叶林种植园的所有行为类别，特别是作为喂养的网站。然而，适宜性模型表明，地理特征对猕猴栖息地利用的影响大于森林覆盖类型。事实上，觅食、休息和旅行的地点都集中在低海拔的道路附近的南坡。我们的研究结果提供了一个合理的指示，即与其他环境条件（例如，食物资源的分配）。鉴于这一发现，我们认为，标准木材生产不一定直接与猕猴栖息地的保护竞争。
Monocultural conifer plantations are often recognized as low quality habitats for most mammals, owing to the scarcity of understory plants. This paper presents a multifaceted assessment of conifer plantations as habitats of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) inhabiting an area of heavy snow cover in northern Japan. We evaluated habitat use by two macaque troops in cool-temperate forests, including conifer plantations, which are located in the Shirakami Mountains. Habitat use was classified into three behavioral categories; feeding, resting, and traveling. We directly observed two radio-tagged troops by using the scan sampling technique throughout the day during winter, which is the main bottleneck season in terms of food availability. At each sampling event, we recorded the location of different troops and the behavioral patterns of individuals. We then constructed suitability models for each of the three types of habitat use, by using ecological-niche factor analysis (ENFA) with 12 environmental variables. The ENFA results showed that macaques avoid old conifer plantations, but use young conifer plantations for all behavioral categories, especially as feeding sites. However, the suitability models indicated that geographic features have a larger influence on macaque habitat use than forest cover type. In fact, the feeding, resting, and traveling sites were concentrated on the southern slopes of near the roads at low altitudes. Our findings provided a reasonable indication that macaque habitat use during the snowy season has greater sensitivity to microclimate, such as the amount of sunlight and air temperature, compared to other environmental conditions (e.g., the distribution of food resources). In light of this finding, we suggest that standard timber production does not necessarily directly compete with the conservation of macaque habitats.