Contributions of the environment and environmentally vulnerable physiology to autism spectrum disorders
Contributions of the environment and environmentally vulnerable physiology to autism spectrum disorders
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/wco.0b013e328336a01f
复制
发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Herbert, Martha R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herbert, Martha R.
目的的reviewThis审查提出了一个理由和证据的贡献，环境的影响和环境脆弱的生理自闭症谱系障碍（ASDs）。最近的findingsRecent研究表明，ASD患病率大幅增加以上早期疾病控制中心的数字之一，150，只有部分解释的数据工件，强调环境因素的可能性增加患病率。ASD中的一些基因变异改变了对环境压力和暴露的脆弱性。新生突变和父母年龄大作为ASD的风险因素也表明环境的作用。全身和中枢神经系统病理生理学，包括氧化应激、神经炎症和线粒体功能障碍，可能与环境影响的作用一致（例如，G. ASD中的其他因素（如空气污染、有机磷、重金属）和一些潜在的生化紊乱（如谷胱甘肽异常，一种重要的抗氧化剂和解毒剂）可以通过有针对性的营养干预来逆转。饮食因素和食物污染物可能会导致风险。改善和损失的诊断，在一些与ASD建议的脑电路顺应环境modulation.SummaryPrevalence，遗传，暴露，和病理生理学证据都表明环境因素的作用，在ASD的发病和终身调制。这支持了寻求ASD早期和持续医学预防和治疗目标的需要。
Purpose of reviewThis review presents a rationale and evidence for contributions of environmental influences and environmentally vulnerable physiology to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).Recent findingsRecent studies suggest a substantial increase in ASD prevalence above earlier Centers for Disease Control figures of one in 150, only partly explicable by data artifacts, underscoring the possibility of environmental contributors to increased prevalence. Some gene variants in ASD confer altered vulnerability to environmental stressors and exposures. De-novo mutations and advanced parental age as a risk factor for ASD also suggest a role for environment. Systemic and central nervous system pathophysiology, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction can be consistent with a role for environmental influence (e. g. from air pollution, organophosphates, heavy metals) in ASD, and some of the underlying biochemical disturbances (such as abnormalities in glutathione, a critical antioxidant and detoxifier) can be reversed by targeted nutritional interventions. Dietary factors and food contaminants may contribute risk. Improvement and loss of diagnosis in some with ASD suggest brain circuitry amenable to environmental modulation.SummaryPrevalence, genetic, exposure, and pathophysiological evidence all suggest a role for environmental factors in the inception and lifelong modulation of ASD. This supports the need for seeking targets for early and ongoing medical prevention and treatment of ASD.