Cybernetics of Conflict Within Multi-Partner Technology and Software Engineering Programmes
Cybernetics of Conflict Within Multi-Partner Technology and Software Engineering Programmes
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DOI：
10.1109/access.2020.2995263
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发表时间：
2020-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
R. Williams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Williams
大型技术和软件工程方案，如企业系统方案，越来越多地通过客户和第三方专家资源的混合实施。这些多伙伴的工作环境可以被认为是一个复杂的社会系统，其中经常经历各种形式的冲突。这可能是由于各组织的目标和优先事项相互竞争，沿着，以及在执行方案的以工作为基础的社会网络中团队成员的不相容性。如果不加以控制，冲突可能导致更广泛的社会网络内出现复杂的紧急行为和动态，这可能严重影响这些软件密集型系统成功实施方案的可能性。使用社会网络分析和专题编码分析的案例研究中，我们表明，复杂的软件密集型实施的项目管理需要相当大的关注控制和整个项目范围的团队成员的社会网络的沟通，我们代表作为一个控制论系统。一个概念框架已经开发出来，扩展了现有的文献围绕冲突的团队，通过框架的个别项目和整个方案的执行作为控制论系统。概念框架说明了如何控制论的方法来解决企业系统实现中的冲突，可以提供新的见解冲突如何在项目团队中发展。最后，我们认为，控制论的方法使我们能够开发项目管理干预措施，以减轻冲突发展的风险，或控制和调节冲突，一旦它已经发展。最后，我们为未来的研究如何在软件密集型系统（如企业系统）的实施中控制冲突设定了议程。
Large technology and software engineering programmes, such as enterprise system programmes, are increasingly implemented through a mixture of customer and specialist third-party resources. These multi-partner working environments can be thought of as a complex social system, which oftentimes experience various forms of conflict. This can be due to competing objectives and priorities of the various organizations, along with incompatibilities of team members within the work-based social network of the implementation programme. If not brought under control, conflict can lead to complex emergent behaviours and dynamics within the wider social network, which can severely impact the likelihood of successful programme implementation of these software-intensive systems. Using social network analysis and thematic coding analysis within a case study, we show that the project management of complex software-intensive implementations requires considerable focus on control and communication across the programme-wide social network of team members, which we represent as a cybernetic system. A conceptual framework has been developed that extends extant literature around conflict in teams by framing the individual projects and the overall programme-wide implementation as cybernetic systems. The conceptual framework illustrates how a cybernetics approach to conflict within enterprise system implementations, can provide new insights into how conflict develops within project teams. Finally, we argue that the cybernetic approach allows us to develop project management interventions to mitigate the risk of conflict development, or control and regulate conflict once it has developed. We conclude by setting the agenda for future research on how conflict can be controlled within the implementation of software-intensive systems, such as enterprise systems.