Substantial Differences in the Subgingival Microbiome Measured by 16S Metagenomics According to Periodontitis Status in Older Women.
Substantial Differences in the Subgingival Microbiome Measured by 16S Metagenomics According to Periodontitis Status in Older Women.
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DOI：
10.3390/dj6040058
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发表时间：
2018-10-19
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Wactawski-Wende, Jean
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LaMonte, Michael J;Genco, Robert J;Wactawski-Wende, Jean
衰老引起生理变化，如免疫衰老和炎症，这可能会增加宿主对口腔微生物组变化的易感性，从而使牙周炎在以后的生活中发展。目前，缺乏专门评估老年人口腔微生物组和牙周炎的研究。我们使用高通量非靶向测序方法和功能宏基因组分析，根据牙周炎状态评估和比较绝经后妇女（平均年龄71岁）的龈下生物膜。龈下菌斑样本从15名绝经后妇女没有牙周炎，从15名妇女有严重的牙周炎，通过探测措施确定。在454 FLX平台上对16 S rRNA基因（V1-V3区）进行测序。PICRUSt技术用于提供关于健康牙周组织与患病牙周组织相比微生物群的潜在功能特征的信息。与牙周炎相关的龈下微生物组与健康相关的微生物组显示出明显的差异。在确定的464个物种中，22.8%的物种在疾病方面的丰度升高，而只有6.3%的物种在健康方面的丰度升高。在牙周炎中最常见的12种微生物中，有一半以前被其他研究人员认为是牙周病原体。牙周炎中的龈下微生物组包含可以编码特定活动的基因，包括微生物移动性，内毒素合成和蛋白水解降解。健康的微生物组包括可以编码维持微生物生命的基因，包括编码转运蛋白、糖酵解、异生、克雷布斯循环和蛋白激酶。在本研究中，年龄在60岁及以上的绝经后妇女，龈下微生物组在有和没有牙周炎的人之间的组成和潜在功能不同。功能性基因表达的研究，如转录组学，需要明确确定的分子进行功能与致病性龈下复合物。反过来，这可能会导致识别目标，以加强牙周炎的管理，并可能在以后的生活中，其他疾病。
Aging invokes physiological changes, such as immunosenescence and inflammation, that could increase host susceptibility to oral microbiome shifts that enable periodontitis progression in later life. At present, there is a dearth of studies specifically evaluating the oral microbiome and periodontitis in older adults. We used high-throughput untargeted sequencing methods and functional metagenomic analyses to assess and compare the subgingival biofilm of postmenopausal women (mean age 71 years) according to periodontitis status. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 15 postmenopausal women with no periodontitis, and from 15 women with severe periodontitis, determined by probing measures. The 16S rRNA gene (V1⁻V3 region) was sequenced on the 454 FLX platform. The PICRUSt technique was used to provide information on what the potential functional characteristics of microbiota might be in healthy, compared with diseased, periodontium. The subgingival microbiome associated with periodontitis showed clear differences to that associated with health. Of the 464 species identified, 22.8% had elevated abundance in disease, while only 6.3% had elevated abundance in health. Among the 12 most prevalent organisms in periodontitis, one-half have previously been recognized as periodontal pathogens by other investigators. The subgingival microbiome in periodontitis contained genes that could code for specific activities, including microbial mobility, synthesis of endotoxin, and proteolytic degradation. The healthy microbiome included genes that could code for sustaining microbial life, including encoding for transporters, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the Krebs cycle, and protein kinases. In the present study on postmenopausal women, aged 60 and older, the subgingival microbiome differed in composition and potential function between those with and without periodontitis. Studies of functional gene expression, such as transcriptomics, are needed to definitively identify the molecules carrying out functions associated with pathogenic subgingival complexes. This, in turn, could lead to identification of targets for enhanced management of periodontitis and, possibly, other diseases, in later life.