Theatre for Development: An overview
Theatre for Development: An overview
复制标题
发展剧场：概述
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Nogueira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Nogueira
我想通过讨论喀麦隆蒙德姆巴分部一群妇女发展的戏剧实践来讨论“剧院促进发展”一词，Anne Tanyi-Tang的文章“剧院促进变革：对蒙德姆巴分部妇女两场演出的分析”(第6章，第23页)介绍了这一做法。为了更清楚地认识“发展的剧院”，理解第二次世界大战后开始的所谓“发展时代”，对这一时期产生的相关发展政策进行批判性的审视，是很有帮助的。在这个“发展时代”，在美国的指导下，“第一世界”制定了与前殖民地有关的政策，这些国家现在通常被称为“不发达”国家。作为“帮助提高生活水平”目标的一部分，该提议旨在向这些国家介绍西方的发展模式。“绿色革命”是西方发展模式在许多第三世界国家实施的一个例子。当时的想法是，一种基于经济作物生产用于出口的新型机械化种植系统，应该取代以前“落后”的传统农业技术。问题是，作为所谓的“低生产率系统”的一部分，小农户至少能够为他们的家庭和社区种植粮食。当引入新的系统(为经济作物工作，用机器取代人的工作)时，结果非但没有造福于社区，反而导致世界各地数百万人被赶出自己的土地，并造成前所未有的饥饿。埃斯科瓦尔称它为死亡剧院：
I would like to discuss the term Theatre for Development (TFD) by addressing the theatre practice developed by a group of women in Mundemba Sub-Division, Cameroon, which was presented in Anne Tanyi-Tang’s article Theatre for Change: an analysis of two performances by women in Mundemba Sub-Division (RIDE 6, p. 23). To have a clearer perspective on ‘Theatre for Development’, it is useful to understand the so-called ‘era of development’ started after the Second World War, gaining a critical view of the associated development policies arising from this period. This ‘era of development’ saw the ‘ rst world’, under the guidance of the United States, de ne policies in relation to the former colonies, now generally called ‘underdeveloped’ countries. As part of the aim of ‘helping to raise the standards of living’, the proposal was to introduce Western models of development to these countries. ‘The green revolution’ was an example of the Western model of development implemented in many third world countries. The idea was that a new, mechanised plantation system based on cash-crop production for export should replace the previous ‘backward’ traditional agriculture techniques. The problem was that, as part of the so-called ‘low productive systems’ small farmers had at least been able to grow food for their family and community. When the new systems were introduced (working for cash crops and having men’s work replaced by machines), instead of bene ting the communities, the results led to the expulsion of millions of people from their land, all over the world, and caused an unprecedented scale of hunger. Escobar calls it a theatre of death: