THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL AGE AND EXPERIENCE ON EGG-SIZE AND HATCHING SUCCESS IN WANDERING ALBATROSSES DIOMEDEA-EXULANS
THE EFFECT OF MATERNAL AGE AND EXPERIENCE ON EGG-SIZE AND HATCHING SUCCESS IN WANDERING ALBATROSSES DIOMEDEA-EXULANS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1474-919x.1992.tb03803.x
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发表时间：
1992-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
CRISP, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CROXALL, JP;ROTHERY, P;CRISP, A
母亲的年龄和经验以及个体、年份和随机效应在影响禽蛋大小和孵化成功中的作用一直存在很大争议，但很少有全面的研究。我们在10年的时间里，用已知年龄(7-30岁)和经历(I-8次繁殖尝试)的流浪信天翁Diomedea exulans对这些主题进行了调查。年龄更大、经验更丰富的鸟会下更大的蛋。在考虑了年份并控制了经验之后，显著的年龄效应仍然存在；在控制了年龄之后，没有可检测到的经验效应仍然存在。然而，年龄只占整个卵子大小变化的6%。蛋的大小在不同的年份之间差异很大，在过去的十年里有所增加。个体下的蛋大小一致；蛋重随机变化的55%是由这种影响造成的。蛋重和孵化重密切相关；蛋越大，孵化成功率也越高。后者受到年龄和经验的显著影响，但在控制了另一个因素后，两者都没有显着影响。年龄、经验、年份和个体对蛋重(和孵化成功率)有显著影响，这可能是海鸟的典型特征，尽管不同物种和情况的因素之间的平衡不同；然而，没有足够的数据来批判性地检验这一点。我们发现年龄是比繁殖经验更重要的影响，这并不支持最近的观点，即孵化成功主要受经验的影响，而经验将对交配保真度高的长寿物种的繁殖成功产生更大的影响。然而，流浪的信天翁可能在开始繁殖之前就已经获得了很多相关的经验。
The roles of maternal age and experience, on the one hand, and individual, year and random effects on the other, in influencing avian egg-size and hatching success have been much debated but seldom studied comprehensively. We investigated these topics with Wandering Albatrosses Diomedea exulans of known age (7-30 years) and experience (I-8 breeding attempts) over a 10-year period. Older and more experienced birds laid larger eggs. After allowing for year and controlling for experience, significant age effects remained; after controlling for age, no detectable experience effects remained. However, age accounted for only 6% of the overall egg-size variation. Egg-size varied significantly between years and has increased over the last decade. Individuals laid eggs of consistent sizes; 55% of the random variation in egg-weight was due to such effects. Egg- and hatchling-weight were very closely linked; larger eggs also had higher hatching success. The latter was influenced significantly by age and experience but neither remained significant after controlling for the other. Year effects were also detectable.That there are significant effects of age, experience, year and individual on egg-weight (and hatching success) is probably typical of seabirds generally, though with different balances between factors depending on species and situation; however, insufficient data exist to examine this critically. Our finding that age was a more important influence than breeding experience does not support recent suggestions that hatching success is mainly influenced by experience and that experience will have a greater effect on reproductive success in long-lived species with high mate-fidelity. However, Wandering Albatrosses may have acquired much relevant experience before even starting to breed.