Phytoremediation
Phytoremediation
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DOI：
10.1002/9781119693635.ch4
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发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kajal Patel;Induja Tripathi;M. Chaurasia;K. S. Rao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kajal Patel;Induja Tripathi;M. Chaurasia;K. S. Rao
为了促进经济发展，世界上大多数有竞争力的经济体都采用了几种策略，城市化、工业化和商业化的指数增长是这些策略中最重要的组成部分。由于人类活动产生的各种有机和无机废物，迅速的工业化和发展导致生态系统受到广泛污染。重金属是一种严重的污染物，由于其长期存在，对生物和环境健康（土壤，空气，水，植物群和动物群）构成重大危险威胁。因此，有必要去除这些元素污染物。若干传统的原地和非原地技术被用于补救。这些方法包括各种生物、物理和化学方法，如气动压裂、土壤冲洗、玻璃化、挖掘、封装、生物修复等，但这些标准方法中有许多需要高能量输入和大预算机械，并导致土壤质量和生产力下降。在各种技术中，生物技术是更经济、更省力、更环保的重金属去污方法。它们通常涉及使用生物材料，如微生物和活植物。本章强调使用基于植物的修复技术，通常称为“植物修复”，这取决于植物的许多生理和分子机制来螯合金属。它们可以分为植物提取、植物稳定、植物挥发、植物降解和根过滤。因此，本章将提供一个简短的概要介绍有关背景，方法，影响，挑战，限制，最近的进展，以及未来的前景，植物修复技术，以改善环境中的重金属污染。它还提供了可以在未来更大规模地使用这种技术并帮助从该领域获得更大利润的问题。
In order to boost the economy, most competitive economies worldwide use several tactics and exponential increases in urbanization, industrialization, and commercialization are the most important component of these tactics. Rapid industrialization and development lead to the extensive contamination of ecosystems due to various organic and inorganic wastes from anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are serious contaminants that pose significant hazardous threats to living organisms and environmental health (soil, air, water, flora, and fauna) due to their long‐term persistence. Thus, it is necessary to remove these elemental contaminants. Several conventional in situ and ex situ techniques are used for remediation. These include various biological, physical, and chemical methods such as pneumatic fracturing, soil washing, vitrification, excavation, encapsulation, bioremediation, and so on. However, many of these standard methods demand high energy input and big‐budget machinery and cause degradation in the quality and productivity of the soil. Amidst various technologies, biological techniques are more cost‐efficient, less laborious, and eco‐friendlier methods for the decontamination of heavy metals. They routinely involve the use of biomaterials such as microorganisms and live plants. This chapter emphasizes the use of a plant‐based remediation technology that is commonly called “phytoremediation,” which depends on numerous physiological and molecular mechanisms of plants to sequester metal. They can be categorized into phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, phytodegradation, and rhizofiltration. Thus, this chapter will provide a brief synopsis regarding the background, approach, implications, challenges, constraints, recent advancements, and future prospects for the phytoremediation technique to ameliorate heavy metal contamination from the environment. It also provides issues that can be used in the future to use this technique at a larger‐scale and help achieve greater profits from the field.