Phylogenetic and physiological diversity of cultured deep-biosphere bacteria from equatorial Pacific Ocean and Peru Margin sediments
Phylogenetic and physiological diversity of cultured deep-biosphere bacteria from equatorial Pacific Ocean and Peru Margin sediments
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/01490450701456453
复制
发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Cypionka, Heribert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Batzke, Anja;Engelen, Bert;Cypionka, Heribert
在ODP第201航次期间，对赤道东太平洋和秘鲁边缘沉积物中的微生物群落进行了调查。取样的沉积层一直延伸到海底以下420米，估计年龄长达4 000万年。将无污染的缺氧浆料接种到含有不同基质组合的培养基中，所有基质组合均为微摩尔浓度。这些培养基是为广泛的生理群体设计的。共分离出162株纯培养物，根据16 S rRNA基因分析，可将其分为19种不同的大肠杆菌类型。分离物属于α-、γ-和δ-变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门。最常分离的属是芽孢杆菌属（68株）和根瘤菌属（40株）。肠细菌重复基因间共识（ERIC-PCR）分析的菌株具有相同的ESTs类型的比较显示，存在几个亚组，不相关的介质，沉积物深度或采样点。大多数的分离物，虽然从缺氧环境中获得，并在严格缺氧条件下分离，原来是兼性需氧。生理上，分离物的特点是作为多面手，能够利用各种各样的电子供体与氧，硝酸盐和在某些情况下锰氧化物作为电子受体。从生理检测推断的多样性甚至高于系统发育或基因组水平。污染测试的结果、分离出已知地下细菌的近亲、在不同地点反复发现相同的细菌类型以及培养物收藏中存在的多样性水平都强烈表明，已经分离出了土著深层生物圈细菌。
During ODP Leg 201 microbial communities in Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean and Peru Margin sediments were investigated. The sediment layers sampled extended down to 420 m below the sea floor, with estimated ages of up to 40 million years. Contamination-free anoxic slurries were inoculated into media containing different substrate combinations, all at micromolar concentration. These culture media were designed for a broad spectrum of physiological groups. A total of 162 pure cultures were isolated that could be grouped into 19 different phylotypes based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The isolates belonged to the Alpha-, Gamma- and Deltaproteobacteria, the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The genera most frequently isolated were Bacillus ( 68 isolates) and Rhizobium ( 40 isolates). Comparison of strains with the same phylotypes by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) analysis revealed the presence of several subgroups that did not correlate with medium, sediment depth or sampling site. The majority of the isolates, although obtained from anoxic environments and isolated under strictly anoxic conditions, turned out to be facultativly aerobic. Physiologically, the isolates were characterized as generalists, able to utilize a broad variety of electron donors with either oxygen, nitrate and in some cases manganese oxides as electron acceptors. The diversity inferred from physiological tests was even higher than that on the phylogenetic or genomic level. The outcome of the contamination tests, the isolation of close relatives of already known subsurface bacteria, the repeated finding of the same phylotype from different sites and the level of diversity present in the culture collection strongly suggest that indigenous deep-biosphere bacteria had been isolated.